Abstract

The safety of food production as concerns Listeria is the key to the sanitary wellbeing of manufactured products. Molecular-genetic methods for the analysis of Listeria, including whole-genome sequencing, are effective in monitoring persistent contaminants and in the epidemic investigation of cases of foodborne infections. They have been adopted in the European Union, United States, and Canada. In Russia, multilocus and whole-genome sequencing has proven itself in the analysis of clinical food isolates and Listeria from the environment. The objective of the study was molecular-genetic characterization of Listeria detected in the industrial environment of meat processing. To characterize the Listeria isolates, microbiological methods were used according to GOST (State Standard) 32031–2012, as well as multilocus sequencing, including the analysis of seven housekeeping genes and four virulence genes, as well as whole-genome sequencing. In swabs that were positive for the presence of Listeria spp. taken at two meat-processing plants in Moscow, Listeria monocytogenes constituted 81% and L. welshimeri 19%. The predominant genotype (Sequence Type, ST) of L. monocytogenes was ST8. The variety was supplemented with ST321, ST121, and ST2330 (CC9 (Clonal Complex 9)). L. welshimeri, which prevailed in the second production, was represented by ST1050 and ST2331. The genomic characteristics of L. welshimeri isolates confirmed that they have high adaptive capabilities both as concerns production conditions (including resistance to disinfectants) and the metabolic peculiarities of the gastrointestinal tract of animals. L. monocytogenes CC9 and CC121 are also correlated with food production in other countries. However, L. monocytogenes CC8 and CC321 can cause invasive listeriosis. The concordance in the internalin profile of the ST8 isolates from the industrial environment with the clinical isolates ST8 and ST2096 (CC8) is a cause for concern. The study showed the effectiveness of molecular-genetic methods in determining the diversity of Listeria detected in the production environment of meat processing, and laid the foundation for monitoring of persistent contaminants.

中文翻译：

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肉类加工生产环境中李斯特菌的遗传多样性检测

摘要

涉及李斯特菌的食品生产安全是制成品卫生状况的关键。用于分析李斯特菌的分子遗传学方法，包括全基因组测序，可有效监测持久性污染物和食源性感染病例的流行病调查。它们已被欧盟、美国和加拿大采用。在俄罗斯，多位点和全基因组测序已在临床食品分离物和环境中李斯特菌的分析中证明了自己。该研究的目的是对肉类加工工业环境中检测到的李斯特菌进行分子遗传学表征。为了表征李斯特菌分离株，根据GOST（国家标准）32031-2012 使用微生物学方法，以及多位点测序，包括七个管家基因和四个毒力基因的分析，以及全基因组测序。拭子中李斯特菌属呈阳性。在莫斯科的两家肉类加工厂进行的检测中，单增李斯特菌占 81%，威尔士李斯特菌占1​​9%。单核细胞增生利斯特氏菌的主要基因型（序列类型，ST）是ST8。该品种补充了 ST321、ST121 和 ST2330（CC9（克隆复合物 9））。第二次生产中占优势的威尔士乳杆菌以ST1050和ST2331为代表。威尔士乳杆菌分离株的基因组特征证实它们在生产条件（包括对消毒剂的耐受性）和动物胃肠道的代谢特性方面具有高度的适应能力。单增李斯特菌CC9 和 CC121 也与其他国家的粮食生产相关。然而，单增李斯特菌CC8 和 CC321 可引起侵袭性李斯特菌病。来自工业环境的 ST8 分离株的内联谱与临床分离株 ST8 和 ST2096 (CC8) 的一致性值得关注。该研究表明分子遗传学方法在确定肉类加工生产环境中检测到的李斯特菌多样性方面的有效性，为持久性污染物的监测奠定了基础。