ABSTRACT

In a previous discussion paper , twenty-six working memory fMRI studies that reported activity in the hippocampus were systematically analyzed. None of these studies provided convincing evidence that the hippocampus was active during the late delay phase, the only period in which working memory can be isolated from long-term memory processes. Based on these results, it was concluded that working memory does not activate the hippocampus. Six commentaries on the discussion paper were received from Courtney (2022 Courtney, S. M. (2022). Working memory is a distributed dynamic process. Cognitive Neuroscience, 13(3–4), 208–209. July, Epub 2022 Oct 6. PMID: 36200905. https://doi.org/10.1080/17588928.2022.2131747[Taylor & Francis Online], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]), Kessels and Bergmann (2022 Kessels, R. P. C., & Bergmann, H. C. (2022). What does the hippocampus do during working-memory tasks? A cognitive-neuropsychological perspective. Cognitive Neuroscience, 13(3–4), 210–211. July, Epub 2022 Oct 11. PMID: 36218275. https://doi.org/10.1080/17588928.2022.2131745[Taylor & Francis Online], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]), Peters and Reithler (2022 Peters, J. C., & Reithler, J. (2022). Hippocampal activity in working memory tasks: Sparse, yet relevant. Cognitive Neuroscience, 13(3–4), 212–214. July, Epub 2022 Oct 9. PMID: 36209434. https://doi.org/10.1080/17588928.2022.2131746[Taylor & Francis Online], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]), Rose and Chao (2022 Rose, N. S., & Chao, C. M. (2022). Hippocampal involvement in working memory following refreshing. Cognitive Neuroscience, 13(3–4), 215–217. July, Epub 2022 Oct 11. PMID: 36218261. https://doi.org/10.1080/17588928.2022.2131749[Taylor & Francis Online], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]), Stern and Hasselmo (2022 Stern, C. E., & Hasselmo, M. E. (2022). Mechanisms for maintaining information in working memory. Cognitive Neuroscience, 13(3–4), 218–219. July, Epub 2022 Oct 10. PMID: 36214597; PMCID: PMC10121215. https://doi.org/10.1080/17588928.2022.2131750[Taylor & Francis Online], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]), and Wood et al. (2022 Wood, J. L., Clark, D. E., & Nee, D. E. (2022). Hippocampal activity supporting working memory is contingent upon specific task demands. Cognitive Neuroscience, 13(3–4), 220–222. July, Epub 2022 Oct 6. PMID: 36200870. https://doi.org/10.1080/17588928.2022.2131748[Taylor & Francis Online], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]). Based on these commentaries, the present response paper considered whether there is evidence of sustained hippocampal activity during the working memory delay period based on depth-electrode recording, whether there are activity-silent working memory mechanisms in the hippocampus, and whether there is hippocampal lesion evidence indicating this region is important for working memory. There was no convincing electrophysiological or neuropsychological evidence that the hippocampus is associated with working memory maintenance, and activity-silent mechanisms were arguably speculative. Given that only a small fraction (approximately 5%) of working memory fMRI studies have reported hippocampal activity and lesion evidence indicates the hippocampus is not necessary for working memory, the burden of proof is on proponents of the view that the hippocampus is important for working memory to provide compelling evidence to support their position. To date, from my perspective, there is no convincing evidence that the hippocampus is associated with working memory.

摘要

在之前的一篇讨论论文中，对报告海马体活动的 26 项工作记忆功能磁共振成像研究进行了系统分析。这些研究都没有提供令人信服的证据，证明海马体在延迟后期是活跃的，这是唯一可以将工作记忆与长期记忆过程分开的时期。根据这些结果，得出结论：工作记忆不会激活海马体。收到了 Courtney 对讨论文件的六条评论 ( 2022 考特尼，SM（2022）。工作记忆是一个分布式的动态过程。认知神经科学， 13 （3-4），208-209。7 月，Epub 2022 年 10 月 6 日。PMID：36200905。https: //doi.org/10.1080/17588928.2022.2131747 [Taylor & Francis Online]、[Web of Science®] 、[Google Scholar] ），Kessels 和 Bergmann（2022 年 Kessels, RPC和Bergmann, HC ( 2022 )。海马体在执行工作记忆任务时会做什么？认知神经心理学的观点。认知神经科学， 13 （3-4），210-211。7 月，Epub 2022 年 10 月 11 日。PMID：36218275。https: //doi.org/10.1080/17588928.2022.2131745 [Taylor & Francis Online]、[Web of Science®] 、[Google Scholar] ），Peters 和 Reithler（2022 年 彼得斯，JC和赖特勒，J. ( 2022 )。工作记忆任务中的海马活动：稀疏，但相关。认知神经科学， 13 （3-4），212-214。7 月，Epub 2022 年 10 月 9 日。PMID：36209434。https: //doi.org/10.1080/17588928.2022.2131746 [Taylor & Francis Online]、[Web of Science®] 、[Google Scholar] ）、Rose 和 Chao（2022 年 罗斯，NS和赵，CM ( 2022 )。海马参与刷新后的工作记忆。认知神经科学， 13 （3-4），215-217。7 月，Epub 2022 年 10 月 11 日。PMID：36218261。https: //doi.org/10.1080/17588928.2022.2131749 [Taylor & Francis Online]、[Web of Science®] 、[Google Scholar] ），Stern 和 Hasselmo（2022 年 CE斯特恩和缅因州哈塞尔莫( 2022 )。在工作记忆中保存信息的机制。认知神经科学， 13 （3-4），218-219。七月，Epub 2022 年 10 月 10 日。PMID：36214597；PMCID：PMC10121215。https://doi.org/10.1080/17588928.2022.2131750 [Taylor & Francis Online]、[Web of Science®] 、[Google Scholar] ）和 Wood 等人。（2022年 Wood, JL、Clark, DE和Nee, DE ( 2022 )。支持工作记忆的海马活动取决于特定的任务需求。认知神经科学， 13 （3-4），220-222。7 月，Epub 2022 年 10 月 6 日。PMID：36200870。https: //doi.org/10.1080/17588928.2022.2131748 [Taylor & Francis Online]、[Web of Science ®] 、[Google Scholar] ）。基于这些评论，本回应论文考虑了基于深度电极记录的工作记忆延迟期间是否有持续海马活动的证据、海马是否存在活动沉默工作记忆机制以及海马是否存在病变有证据表明该区域对于工作记忆很重要。没有令人信服的电生理学或神经心理学证据表明海马体与工作记忆维持有关，并且活动沉默机制可以说是推测性的。鉴于只有一小部分（约 5%）工作记忆 fMRI 研究报告了海马活动，并且病变证据表明海马对于工作记忆不是必需的，海马体对于工作记忆很重要这一观点的支持者有责任提供令人信服的证据来支持他们的观点。迄今为止，在我看来，还没有令人信服的证据表明海马体与工作记忆有关。