Digital aggression (DA), or the use of information communication technologies to inflict harm on others, is an emerging public health crisis. Targets of DA experience increased anxiety, depression, aggression, and higher rates of suicidal ideation and attempts. There is thus a clear need to uncover the origins of DA. A handful of studies have identified contextual features that increase DA, most notably anonymity. Critically, however, research in this context has rarely evaluated different aspects of anonymity, specifically technical versus social anonymity or self- versus other-anonymity. It has also frequently relied on potentially problematic self-report assessment techniques. The current paper sought to better understand the role of anonymity in DA with a systematic review of the relevant literature. While the systematic review did highlight a significant relationship between perpetrator self-anonymity and DA, we also uncovered evidence of a more complex and nuanced relationship between anonymity and DA than was expected, including the need to jointly consider positive cyberbullying attitudes and related constructs. Implications for prevention and intervention efforts aimed at reducing DA are discussed.

数字攻击 (DA)，或使用信息通信技术对他人造成伤害，是一种新兴的公共卫生危机。DA 的目标会增加焦虑、抑郁、攻击性以及更高的自杀意念和企图。因此，显然需要揭示 DA 的起源。一些研究已经确定了增加 DA 的上下文特征，最显着的是匿名性。然而，至关重要的是，这方面的研究很少评估匿名的不同方面，特别是技术匿名与社会匿名或自我匿名与他人匿名。它还经常依赖可能存在问题的自我报告评估技术。当前的论文试图通过系统回顾更好地理解匿名在 DA 中的作用的相关文献。虽然系统审查确实强调了犯罪者自我匿名与 DA 之间的重要关系，但我们还发现了匿名与 DA 之间比预期更复杂和微妙的关系的证据，包括需要共同考虑积极的网络欺凌态度和相关结构。讨论了旨在减少 DA 的预防和干预工作的意义。