R. Carapeto

Agencia española de medicamentos y productos sanitarios (AEMPS)

Classified one decade ago as emergent pollutants, the pharmaceutical residues have been under study by researchers worldwide for a long time. The information gathered during that time has resulted in evidence-based policy action that is progressively changing the way these substances are regulated and controlled.

In the last few years some transversal policies affecting environmental pollution due to medicines have been adopted in the EU. The “EU strategic approach to pharmaceuticals in the environment”, published in 2019, acknowledges the importance of the issue and focuses on a number of actions considered crucial for the European Commission. The principles of this EU Strategy have been reinforced by a more ambitious policy known as the “EU Green Deal,” published in late 2019 and includes, among others, actions towards a toxic-free environment (known as the “zero pollution action plan”).

This transversal policy is already impacting on the EU legislation. Interestingly, not only the legislation related to veterinary medicines is being affected, but also environmental and industrial legislation which traditionally was developed without considering medicines as relevant pollutants of the environment.

In addition to this, the European One Health Action Plan Against Antimicrobial Resistance goes beyond the purely ecotoxicological perspective, pointing to antibiotic residues released to the environment as a potential source of selective pressure for the development and amplification of resistances in the environment.

中文翻译：

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I3 | 兽药环境风险评估：现状与展望

R·卡拉佩托

Agencia española de medicamentos y productos sanitarios (AEMPS)

药物残留在十年前被归类为新兴污染物，长期以来一直受到全球研究人员的研究。在此期间收集的信息导致了以证据为基础的政策行动，这些行动正在逐步改变这些物质的监管和控制方式。

在过去几年中，欧盟采取了一些影响药物造成的环境污染的横向政策。2019 年发布的“欧盟环境药物战略方针”承认了这一问题的重要性，并重点关注了一些被认为对欧盟委员会至关重要的行动。2019 年底发布的一项名为“欧盟绿色协议”的更雄心勃勃的政策强化了该欧盟战略的原则，其中包括实现无毒环境的行动（称为“零污染行动计划”） ).

这一横向政策已经对欧盟立法产生影响。有趣的是，不仅与兽药相关的立法受到影响，而且传统上制定时未将药物视为相关环境污染物的环境和工业立法也受到影响。

除此之外，针对抗菌素耐药性的欧洲统一健康行动计划超越了纯粹的生态毒理学观点，指出释放到环境中的抗生素残留物是环境中耐药性发展和放大的潜在选择压力来源。