Three main E-type resolvins (RvEs): RvE1, RvE2, and RvE3, have roles in the resolution of inflammation as anti-inflammatory activities. To investigate the roles of each RvE in the resolution of inflammation, timing of interleukin (IL)− 10 release and IL-10 receptor expressions, and phagocytosis evoked by each RvE in differentiated human monocytes, macrophage-like U937 cells were examined. Here, we show that RvEs enhance the expression of IL-10, and IL-10 receptor-mediated signaling pathways and IL-10-mediated-signaling-independent resolution of inflammatory effects by activating the phagocytotic function. Thus, RvE2 mainly evoked an IL-10-mediated anti-inflammatory function, whereas RvE3 principally activated phagocytotic activity of macrophages, which may be involved in tissue repair. On the other hand, RvE1 showed both functions, although not prominent but rather acting as a relief mediator that takes over the RvE2 function and passes over to the RvE3 function. Therefore, each RvE may act as an important role/stage-specific mediator in a coordinated manner with other RvEs in the processes of the resolution of inflammation.

三种主要的 E 型消退素 (RvE)：RvE1、RvE2 和 RvE3，在消炎过程中发挥抗炎作用。为了研究每个 RvE 在炎症消退、白细胞介素 (IL)−10 释放时间和 IL-10 受体表达以及每个 RvE 在分化的人类单核细胞中引起的吞噬作用中的作用，对巨噬细胞样 U937 细胞进行了检查。在这里，我们发现 RvEs通过激活吞噬功能增强 IL-10 的表达和 IL-10 受体介导的信号通路以及 IL-10 介导的信号独立的炎症效应消解。因此，RvE2主要激发IL-10介导的抗炎功能，而RvE3主要激活巨噬细胞的吞噬活性，这可能参与组织修复。另一方面，RvE1 显示了这两种功能，虽然并不突出，但充当了缓解介导者的角色，接管了 RvE2 功能并传递给 RvE3 功能。因此，在炎症消退过程中，每个RvE可能与其他RvE以协调的方式充当重要的角色/阶段特异性介质。