The effects of health-care expenditure on health outcomes and the efficiency of health-care financing schemes in the OECD are estimated with a panel of 30 countries over 1995–2019. The survival rate constructed from the data on age-standardized health-related mortality is used as the health outcome variable. The stochastic frontier model used in the study accommodates nonmonotonic relationships between the factors of interest and the outcome, allowing us to find the optimal levels of the factors. The marginal effect of per capita health-care expenditure on the maximum achievable survival rate diminishes as the level of spending increases and is no longer statistically positive after health-care spending reaches $4811 (2015 PPP). The optimal share of compulsory financing in health expenditure is between 55 and 65%, and health care systems where it exceeds 90% are significantly less efficient. Health-care systems where the percentage of private financing in health expenditure is below 18% are significantly less efficient than those where it is close to the optimal level of about 62%. Further research is needed to examine the effects on health-care efficiency of more specific characteristics of health-care systems taking into account their complex interactions.

1995 年至 2019 年间，由 30 个国家组成的小组估计了经合组织医疗保健支出对健康结果的影响和医疗保健筹资计划的效率。根据年龄标准化健康相关死亡率数据构建的存活率用作健康结果变量。研究中使用的随机前沿模型适应了感兴趣的因素与结果之间的非单调关系，使我们能够找到因素的最佳水平。人均医疗保健支出对可实现的最大生存率的边际效应随着支出水平的增加而减小，并且在医疗保健支出达到 4811 美元（2015 年购买力平价）后不再具有统计意义。强制性筹资在卫生支出中的最佳比例在 55% 到 65% 之间，超过 90% 的医疗保健系统效率会大大降低。卫生支出中私人融资比例低于 18% 的卫生保健系统的效率明显低于接近最佳水平（约 62%）的卫生保健系统。需要进一步的研究来检查医疗保健系统更具体的特征对医疗保健效率的影响，同时考虑到它们的复杂相互作用。