Abstract

Wing–gust encounters cause harmful lift transients that can be mitigated through maneuvering of the wing. This paper presents a method to generate an open-loop (i.e., prescribed) maneuver that optimally regulates the lift on the wing during a transverse gust encounter. Obtaining an optimal maneuver is important for laboratory experiments on the physics of wing–gust interactions and may be useful for the future design of feedback controllers. Prior work of the authors has shown that an Iterative Maneuver Optimization (IMO) framework can generate an optimal maneuver by using a surrogate model to propose a control signal that is then tested in experiment or high-fidelity simulation. The input to the surrogate model is updated to account for differences between the test data and the expected output. The optimal maneuver is obtained through iteration of this process. This paper simplifies the IMO method by replacing the surrogate model with the classical lift model of Theodorsen, removing the process of optimization over the surrogate model, and removing the requirement to know the time-averaged profile of the gust. The proposed method, referred to as Simplified IMO (SIMO), only requires input and output data collected from simulations or experiments that interact with the gust. Numerical simulations using a Leading Edge Suction Parameter modulated Discrete Vortex Model are presented to generate the input and output data of the wing–gust encounters for this paper. Experiments in a towing tank also validated the SIMO method. The results show an optimal pitch maneuver and an optimal plunge maneuver that can each regulate lift during a transverse gust encounter.

Graphical abstract

中文翻译：

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通过迭代仿真或实验设计横向阵风遭遇中的最佳机翼机动

摘要

翼-阵风相遇会导致有害的升力瞬变，可以通过机翼的机动来减轻。本文介绍了一种生成开环（即规定的）机动的方法，该机动在横向阵风遭遇期间优化调节机翼上的升力。获得最佳机动对于机翼-阵风相互作用物理学的实验室实验很重要，并且可能对反馈控制器的未来设计有用。作者之前的工作表明，迭代机动优化 (IMO) 框架可以生成最佳机动，方法是使用替代模型提出控制信号，然后在实验或高保真模拟中进行测试。更新代理模型的输入以说明测试数据和预期输出之间的差异。通过此过程的迭代获得最佳机动。本文简化了 IMO 方法，用 Theodorsen 的经典升力模型代替替代模型，去除了替代模型的优化过程，并去除了了解阵风的时间平均剖面的要求。所提出的方法称为简化 IMO (SIMO)，仅需要从与阵风相互作用的模拟或实验中收集的输入和输出数据。本文提出了使用前缘吸力参数调制离散涡模型的数值模拟来生成机翼-阵风相遇的输入和输出数据。拖曳水池中的实验也验证了 SIMO 方法。

图形概要