An LC-MS/MS method for the analysis of 53 benzodiazepines, including various designer benzodiazepines, was developed. The developed method was applied to a total of 79 illicit street drug samples collected in Chicago, IL. Of these samples, 68 (84%) had detectable amounts of at least one benzodiazepine. Further, of the 53 benzodiazepines included in the developed method just 14 were measured in samples. Clonazolam, a potent designer benzodiazepine and derivative of clonazepam, was the most frequently measured benzodiazepine in 63% of samples and was measured in the highest concentrations. Other benzodiazepines measured in more than 10% of samples included clonazepam, alprazolam, flualprazolam, and oxazepam. Mixtures of benzodiazepines were frequently measured in samples, with just 24% of samples containing just one benzodiazepine. To determine the response of benzodiazepines on a rapid, point-of-use drug checking tool, all 53 benzodiazepine standards were screened on a lateral flow immunoassay benzodiazepine test strip. Sixty eight percent of standards gave a positive BTS response at a concentration of 20 µg/mL, demonstrating BTS have response to a wide variety of benzodiazepines, including many designer benzodiazepines. A comparison of this data to previous data reported for the same samples demonstrated all samples containing a benzodiazepine also had an opioid present, with fentanyl being present in 94% of benzodiazepine samples. These results highlight high rates of polysubstance drug presence in Chicago, IL illicit drug samples, posing an increased risk of drug overdoses in people who use drugs.

开发了一种用于分析 53 种苯二氮卓类药物（包括各种设计苯二氮卓类药物）的 LC-MS/MS 方法。所开发的方法应用于在伊利诺伊州芝加哥收集的总共 79 个非法街头毒品样本。在这些样本中，68 个（84%）检测到至少一种苯二氮卓类药物。此外，在所开发方法中包含的 53 种苯二氮卓类药物中，仅对样品中的 14 种进行了测量。氯硝唑仑是一种有效的苯二氮卓类药物，也是氯硝西泮的衍生物，是 63% 样品中最常测量的苯二氮卓类药物，且测量浓度最高。超过 10% 的样品中检测到的其他苯二氮卓类药物包括氯硝西泮、阿普唑仑、氟丙唑仑和奥沙西泮。样品中经常检测到苯二氮卓类药物的混合物，只有 24% 的样品仅含有一种苯二氮卓类药物。为了确定苯二氮卓类药物对快速使用点药物检查工具的反应，在侧流免疫分析苯二氮卓类试纸上筛选了所有 53 种苯二氮卓类标准品。68% 的标准品在浓度为 20 µg/mL 时给出阳性 BTS 响应，表明 BTS 对多种苯二氮卓类药物有反应，包括许多设计的苯二氮卓类药物。将该数据与之前报告的相同样品数据进行比较，结果表明所有含有苯二氮卓类药物的样品也含有阿片类药物，其中 94% 的苯二氮卓类样品中含有芬太尼。这些结果突显了伊利诺伊州芝加哥非法药物样本中多物质药物的存在率很高，导致吸毒者药物过量的风险增加。