Mega-sporting events (MSEs) can have a negative impact on human rights throughout their lifecycle, from the bidding stage, over to the planning and preparation stage, the delivery of the event, and also as part of their legacy after the event has concluded. They can be linked to land grabbing, forced evictions, forced labour and many other human rights abuses. The problem is that only a very few of these cases are actually addressed in the sense that rights-holders receive an effective remedy and those responsible for the abuse are held to account. MSEs are jointly organized and staged by public, private, national, and international actors, which each contribute in different ways to the associated human rights impact. Rather than looking at the responsibility of those actors directly involved in organizing and staging the event, this article looks at the responsibility of the participating actors of states that are represented at the event, namely businesses and sports bodies, using the Netherlands and the 2022 FIFA World Cup in Qatar as the guiding example. The central questions it tries to explore based on lessons learned and opportunities missed in Qatar are how such actors are connected to adverse human rights impacts associated with MSEs, which responsibilities under the human rights framework flow from those connections, and how participating states should then ensure that businesses live up to their responsibilities.

大型体育赛事（MSE）在其整个生命周期中都可能对人权产生负面影响，从申办阶段到规划和准备阶段、赛事的举办，以及赛事结束后其遗产的一部分。它们可能与掠夺土地、强迫驱逐、强迫劳动和许多其他侵犯人权行为有关。问题在于，这些案件中只有极少数真正得到解决，权利持有人得到了有效的补救，侵权行为的责任人也被追究责任。微型企业是由公共、私人、国家和国际行为体联合组织和举办的，每个行为体都以不同的方式为相关的人权影响作出贡献。与其关注那些直接参与组织和举办活动的参与者的责任，本文以荷兰和 2022 年卡塔尔国际足联世界杯为例，探讨了参加赛事的国家参与者（即企业和体育机构）的责任。它试图根据卡塔尔吸取的经验教训和错失的机会探讨的核心问题是，这些行为者如何与小微企业相关的不利人权影响联系起来，人权框架下的哪些责任源于这些联系，以及参与国应如何确保企业履行其责任。