Antimicrobial resistome in wastewater treatment plants was investigated via shotgun metagenomic analysis over a variety of geographical locations, seasons, and biological treatment configurations. The results revealed that the transition of the antimicrobial resistome occurred at two locations during wastewater treatment, which resulted in a distinctive antimicrobial resistome in influent wastewater, activated sludge, and treated effluent. The antimicrobial resistome in influent wastewater was characterized by a high abundance of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) on clinically important drugs, whereas sludge retained a higher abundance of multidrug ARGs associated with efflux pump. Seasonality was the primary factor affecting antimicrobial resistome in influent wastewater, which partially succeeded to the subsequent resistome of activated sludge and treated effluent. Importantly, some ARGs on clinically important drugs in influent wastewater passed through the biological treatment to be discharged in the treated effluent, except in the membrane bioreactor process.

通过对不同地理位置、季节和生物处理配置的鸟枪法宏基因组分析，研究了废水处理厂中的抗菌素耐药性。结果表明，在废水处理过程中，抗菌素耐药组的转变发生在两个位置，从而导致进水废水、活性污泥和处理后的废水中出现独特的抗菌素耐药组。进水废水中抗菌素耐药组的特点是临床重要药物上存在大量抗生素抗性基因（ARG），而污泥则保留了较高丰度的与外排泵相关的多药ARG。季节性是影响进水废水中抗菌素耐药性的主要因素，这部分继承了随后的活性污泥和处理后的废水的抗性。重要的是，除膜生物反应器工艺外，进水废水中一些临床重要药物的 ARG 经过生物处理后排放到处理后的废水中。