Exosomes are extracellular membrane vesicles that contain biological macromolecules such as RNAs and proteins. It plays an essential role in physiological and pathological processes as carrier of biologically active substances and new mediator of intercellular communication. It has been reported that myokines secreted by the skeletal muscle are wrapped in small vesicles (e.g., exosomes), secreted into the circulation, and then regulate the receptor cells. This review discussed the regulation of microRNAs (miRNAs), proteins, lipids, and other cargoes carried by skeletal muscle-derived exosomes (SkMCs-Exs) on the body and their effects on pathological states, including injury atrophy, aging, and vascular porosis. We also discussed the role of exercise in regulating skeletal muscle-derived exosomes and its physiological significance.

外泌体是含有RNA和蛋白质等生物大分子的细胞外膜囊泡。它作为生物活性物质的载体和细胞间通讯的新介质，在生理和病理过程中发挥着重要作用。有报道称，骨骼肌分泌的肌因子被包裹在小囊泡（如外泌体）中，分泌到循环中，进而调节受体细胞。这篇综述讨论了骨骼肌源性外泌体 (SkMCs-Exs) 携带的 microRNA (miRNA)、蛋白质、脂质和其他物质对机体的调节及其对病理状态的影响，包括损伤萎缩、衰老和血管疏松。我们还讨论了运动在调节骨骼肌源性外泌体中的作用及其生理意义。