Advanced oxidation technology based on peroxonosulfate (PMS) has attracted extensive attention in water treatment research due to its fast reaction speed and wide pH range adaptability. Cobalt-based catalysts are considered to be one of the most effective reagents for PMS activation in various PMS activation methods. However, Co-ion leaching and difficulty in recovery have greatly hindered its practical applications. Herein, we developed a robust membrane constructed by nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes embedded with cobalt nanoparticles (Co-NC) to concurrently address the Co-ion leaching and recovery issues. Based on our customization, continuous water flow reactor, the Co-NC membrane exhibited excellent catalytic activity and stability, in which it demonstrated a remarkable sterilization efficiency of 99.9999% against E. coli, and it retained a superior stability of 96.29% after 40 repeated cycles. Fewer attempts to put such efficient heterogeneous advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) into practical application, to mimic real-life applications, the performance of the Co-NC/PMS system was extended to the water taken from Qiuxi River. Remarkably, there is no deterioration in performance over 12 h of continuous real sewage processing. Mechanistic studies revealed that abundant high-valence metals (Co^IV=O) were generated in the system, which can attack and penetrate into the cell membrane to destroy its intracellular defense system. This work provides useful insights into designing robust membranes with superior efficiency and stability for PMS-based advanced oxidation technology.

基于过氧硫酸盐（PMS）的高级氧化技术因其反应速度快、pH范围适应性广而在水处理研究中受到广泛关注。在各种PMS活化方法中，钴基催化剂被认为是PMS活化最有效的试剂之一。然而，Co离子浸出和回收困难极大地阻碍了其实际应用。在此，我们开发了一种由嵌入钴纳米颗粒（Co-NC）的氮掺杂碳纳米管构建的坚固膜，以同时解决钴离子浸出和回收问题。基于我们定制的连续水流反应器，Co-NC膜表现出优异的催化活性和稳定性，其中对细菌的灭菌效率高达99.9999%大肠杆菌，在 40 次重复循环后仍保持 96.29% 的优异稳定性。较少尝试将这种高效的非均相高级氧化工艺 (AOP) 投入实际应用，为了模拟现实生活中的应用，Co-NC/PMS 系统的性能扩展到了取自秋溪河的水。值得注意的是，连续实际污水处理超过 12 小时，性能没有恶化。机理研究表明，系统中产生了丰富的高价金属（Co ^IV =O），可以攻击并渗透到细胞膜内，破坏其细胞内的防御系统。这项工作为基于 PMS 的高级氧化技术设计具有卓越效率和稳定性的坚固膜提供了有用的见解。