This article provides an overview of the recent economics literature analyzing the effect of air pollution on health outcomes. We review the common approaches to measuring and modeling air pollution exposures and the epidemiological and biological literature on health outcomes that undergird federal air regulations in the United States. The article contrasts the methods used in the epidemiology literature with the causal inference framework used in economics. In particular, we review the common sources of estimation bias in epidemiological approaches that the economics literature has sought to overcome with research designs that take advantage of natural experiments. We review new promising research designs for estimating concentration-response functions and identify areas for further research.

中文翻译：

---

空气污染与健康结果交叉点因果推理的进展

本文概述了最近分析空气污染对健康结果影响的经济学文献。我们回顾了测量和建模空气污染暴露的常用方法以及支撑美国联邦空气法规的关于健康结果的流行病学和生物学文献。本文将流行病学文献中使用的方法与经济学中使用的因果推理框架进行了对比。特别是，我们回顾了流行病学方法中估计偏差的常见来源，经济学文献试图通过利用自然实验的研究设计来克服这些偏差。我们回顾了用于估计浓度反应函数的新的有前景的研究设计，并确定了进一步研究的领域。