Abstract

A theoretical model of the formation of the stress-strain state in elastomers under the action of a concentrated load is considered. Experimental studies were carried out using the polarization-optical method. As a sample, transparent L-83 polyurethane with physical and mechanical characteristics corresponding to typical rubbers was used. It is shown that the stress-strain state of the surface layer calculated as a result of the theoretical solution of the mathematical model coincides with the experimental data. When loading, zones of compressive and tensile stresses are created. The magnitude of the tensile stress determines the likelihood of surface destruction (tearing). Simulation of an oblique impact confirmed the qualitative picture of the stress-strain state in elastomers under the action of a concentrated load. A theoretical study made it possible to establish that the potential energy of deformation is distributed over the depth of the surface layer in inverse proportion to the square of the distance from the point of application of the force, i.e., the point of contact of the solid particle with the surface of the elastomer. This makes it possible to mathematically calculate the level and distribution of energy dissipation in the wear volume of the surface layer. Theoretical and practical studies have shown that in the practical use of elastomer linings, it is recommended to install them at an angle close to 90° to the direction of solids flow.

中文翻译：

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固体颗粒冲击载荷作用下弹性体表面裂纹萌生和发展方向的理论证实

摘要

考虑了集中载荷作用下弹性体应力应变状态形成的理论模型。使用偏振光学方法进行了实验研究。作为样品，使用具有与典型橡胶相对应的物理和机械特性的透明L-83聚氨酯。结果表明，数学模型理论解计算出的表层应力应变状态与实验数据吻合。加载时，会产生压应力和拉应力区域。拉应力的大小决定了表面破坏（撕裂）的可能性。倾斜冲击模拟证实了集中载荷作用下弹性体应力应变状态的定性图景。理论研究可以确定，变形势能分布在表面层的深度上，与距力的施加点（即固体接触点）的距离的平方成反比。颗粒与弹性体的表面。这使得可以数学计算表面层磨损体积中能量耗散的水平和分布。理论和实践研究表明，在弹性体衬里的实际使用中，建议与固体流动方向成接近90°的角度安装。即，固体颗粒与弹性体表面的接触点。这使得可以数学计算表面层磨损体积中能量耗散的水平和分布。理论和实践研究表明，在弹性体衬里的实际使用中，建议与固体流动方向成接近90°的角度安装。即，固体颗粒与弹性体表面的接触点。这使得可以数学计算表面层磨损体积中能量耗散的水平和分布。理论和实践研究表明，在弹性体衬里的实际使用中，建议与固体流动方向成接近90°的角度安装。