Humor and sarcasm are closely related – sarcasm is often identified with aggressive humor or humorous mockery. Research in this area is common in Western European languages, but not in non-WEIRD populations. The aim of the study was to examine the relationship between humor styles and sarcasm use in the Turkish-speaking population. We also attempted to predict the use of different sarcasm types (general sarcasm, embarrassment diffusion, face-saving, and frustration diffusion) by the scores of the Humor Styles Questionnaire (Martin, Rod A., Patricia Puhlik-Doris, Gwen Larsen, Jeanette Gray & Kelly Weir. 2003. Individual differences in uses of humor and their relation to psychological well-being: Development of the Humor Styles Questionnaire. Journal of Research in Personality 37(1). 48–75) scales (aggressive, affiliative, self-enhancing, and self-defeating humor). The data from 329 Turkish-speaking participants were collected: 250 women and 79 men (M age = 37; SD = 12.32; age range: 18–70). Participants filled out online questionnaires including Sarcasm Self-Report Scale (Ivanko, Stacey L., Penny M. Pexman & Kara M. Olineck. 2004. How sarcastic are you? Individual differences and verbal irony. Journal of Language and Social Psychology 23(3). 244–271) adapted into Turkish, and the Humor Styles Questionnaire (Martin, Rod A., Patricia Puhlik-Doris, Gwen Larsen, Jeanette Gray & Kelly Weir. 2003. Individual differences in uses of humor and their relation to psychological well-being: Development of the Humor Styles Questionnaire. Journal of Research in Personality 37(1). 48–75) in Turkish adaptation (Tümkaya, Songül. 2011. Humor styles and socio-demographic variables as predictor of subjective well-being of Turkish university students. Egitim ve Bilim 36(160). 158–170). The results showed positive correlations between all humor styles and all sarcasm types, with the strongest correlation with aggressive humor. Regression analysis was used to find predictors of sarcasm use. Our results show that aggressive humor style is the main predictor of all self-reported sarcasm use scales.

中文翻译：

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幽默风格预示着讽刺的使用——来自土耳其语使用者的证据

幽默和讽刺密切相关——讽刺通常被认为是攻击性幽默或幽默嘲讽。该领域的研究在西欧语言中很常见，但在非怪异人群中并不常见。该研究的目的是探讨土耳其语人群的幽默风格和讽刺使用之间的关系。我们还尝试通过幽默风格问卷（Martin、Rod A.、Patricia Puhlik-Doris、Gwen Larsen、Jeanette）的分数来预测不同讽刺类型（一般讽刺、尴尬扩散、保全面子和挫败扩散）的使用情况。 Gray & Kelly Weir 2003。幽默使用的个体差异及其与心理健康的关系：幽默风格问卷的制定。人格研究杂志37（1）。48-75）量表（攻击性、亲和性、自我增强和自我挫败性幽默）。收集了 329 名土耳其语参与者的数据：250 名女性和 79 名男性（中号 年龄= 37；标清= 12.32；年龄范围：18-70 岁）。参与者填写了在线调查问卷，包括讽刺自我报告量表（Ivanko、Stacey L.、Penny M. Pexman 和 Kara M. Olineck。2004 年。你有多讽刺？个体差异和言语讽刺。语言与社会心理学杂志23（3）。244-271）改编成土耳其语，以及幽默风格问卷（Martin，Rod A.，Patricia Puhlik-Doris，Gwen Larsen，Jeanette Gray＆Kelly Weir。2003。幽默使用的个体差异及其与心理健康的关系：幽默风格问卷的开发。人格研究杂志37（1）。48-75）在土耳其语改编中（Tümkaya，Songül。2011。幽默风格和社会人口变量作为土耳其大学生主观幸福感的预测因素。本体论36（160）。158–170）。结果显示，所有幽默风格和所有讽刺类型之间都呈正相关，其中与攻击性幽默的相关性最强。回归分析用于寻找讽刺使用的预测因素。我们的结果表明，攻击性幽默风格是所有自我报告的讽刺使用量表的主要预测因素。