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Wealth and Child Mortality in the Nineteenth-Century United States: Evidence from Three Panels of American Couples, 1850–1880
Social Science History ( IF 0.954 ) Pub Date : 2023-06-23 , DOI: 10.1017/ssh.2023.12
J. David Hacker , Martin Dribe , Jonas Helgertz

With only a few exceptions, the historical study of individual-level correlates of child mortality in the United States has been limited to the period surrounding the turn of the twentieth century, when children ever born and children surviving data collected by the 1900 and 1910 censuses allow indirect estimation of child mortality. The recent release of linked census data, such as the IPUMS MLP datasets, allows a different type of indirect estimation over a longer period. By following couples across subsequent decennial censuses, it is possible to infer child mortality by measuring whether couples’ own children in the first census were still present in the second census. We focus our analysis on children aged 1–3 in the first of two linked censuses, who were less likely to be undercounted by the census than infants, and unlikely to be living apart from their parents in the second census. We estimate child mortality over the intervening decade and use OLS regression to correlate that mortality to the residence location and socioeconomic characteristics of their parents’ households. We limit our analysis to three panel datasets for married couples linked between the 1850–60, 1860–70, and 1870–80 censuses, when real estate and personal estate wealth data were collected. Our results indicate a significant negative relationship between wealth and child mortality across all regions of the United States and over the entire period examined.



中文翻译:

十九世纪美国的财富和儿童死亡率:来自三个美国夫妇小组的证据,1850 年至 1880 年

除少数例外,对美国儿童死亡率的个体层面相关性的历史研究仅限于二十世纪初的时期,当时的出生儿童和存活儿童数据是通过 1900 年和 1910 年人口普查收集的允许间接估计儿童死亡率。最近发布的链接人口普查数据(例如 IPUMS MLP 数据集)允许在较长时期内进行不同类型的间接估计。通过在随后的十年一次的人口普查中跟踪夫妇,可以通过测量第一次人口普查中夫妇自己的孩子是否仍然出现在第二次人口普查中来推断儿童死亡率。我们将分析重点放在两次相关人口普查中的第一次人口普查中的 1-3 岁儿童上,与婴儿相比,他们在人口普查中被低估的可能性较小。在第二次人口普查中不太可能与父母分开居住。我们估计了这十年间的儿童死亡率,并使用 OLS 回归将死亡率与其父母家庭的居住地点和社会经济特征相关联。我们的分析仅限于 1850-60 年、1860-70 年和 1870-80 年人口普查期间已婚夫妇的三个面板数据集,当时收集了房地产和个人房地产财富数据。我们的结果表明,在美国所有地区以及整个研究期间,财富与儿童死亡率之间存在显着的负相关关系。我们估计了这十年间的儿童死亡率,并使用 OLS 回归将死亡率与其父母家庭的居住地点和社会经济特征相关联。我们的分析仅限于 1850-60 年、1860-70 年和 1870-80 年人口普查期间已婚夫妇的三个面板数据集,当时收集了房地产和个人房地产财富数据。我们的结果表明,在美国所有地区以及整个研究期间,财富与儿童死亡率之间存在显着的负相关关系。我们估计了这十年间的儿童死亡率,并使用 OLS 回归将死亡率与其父母家庭的居住地点和社会经济特征相关联。我们的分析仅限于 1850-60 年、1860-70 年和 1870-80 年人口普查期间已婚夫妇的三个面板数据集,当时收集了房地产和个人房地产财富数据。我们的结果表明,在美国所有地区以及整个研究期间,财富与儿童死亡率之间存在显着的负相关关系。

更新日期:2023-06-23
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