Implications of family economic conditions (FECs) for child development have been extensively examined. What remains sparse is research spanning multiple life stages to delineate the far-reaching influences of early FECs for child subsequent development in different domains and how various family stress and investment processes jointly account for such association. To address these gaps, using data from 929 families in the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development (NICHD Early Child Care Research Network, 2001, 2005), this study examined how family income-to-needs ratio (FITNR) when children were 1-36 months old was associated with child language skills, social competence, externalizing, and internalizing problems at 6th grade. Parental investment and maternal/paternal depressive symptoms and sensitivity when children were 54 months old and in 3rd grade were tested as potential mediators. Results indicated that early FITNR shaped child cognitive, social, and behavioral adaptation in early adolescence indirectly through parental investment, depressive symptoms, and sensitive parenting in the preschool period and middle childhood. Parental investment, depressive symptoms, and sensitive parenting played such mediating roles above and beyond each other. Parental investment primarily accounted for the association between early FITNR and child later language skills, whereas parental depressive symptoms and sensitive parenting uniquely explained the associations between early FITNR and child subsequent internalizing symptoms, externalizing problems, social competence, and language skills. Theoretical/practical implications of such findings were discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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重新审视早期家庭经济状况对青少年适应的影响：综合级联模型。

家庭经济状况（FEC）对儿童发展的影响已被广泛研究。仍然缺乏的是跨越多个生命阶段的研究，以描述早期 FEC 对儿童后续不同领域发展的深远影响，以及不同的家庭压力和投资过程如何共同解释这种关联。为了解决这些差距，本研究利用国家儿童健康和人类发展研究所的幼儿保育和青少年发展研究（NICHD 幼儿保育研究网络，2001 年、2005 年）中 929 个家庭的数据，考察了家庭收入与青少年发展之间的关系。儿童 1-36 个月大时的需求比 (FITNR) 与六年级儿童的语言技能、社交能力、外化和内化问题相关。当孩子 54 个月大和三年级时，父母的投资和母亲/父亲的抑郁症状和敏感性被作为潜在的中介因素进行了测试。结果表明，早期 FITNR 通过学龄前和童年中期父母的投入、抑郁症状和敏感的养育方式间接塑造了青春期早期儿童的认知、社会和行为适应。父母的投资、抑郁症状和敏感的养育方式相互之间起着中介作用。父母的投资主要解释了早期 FITNR 与儿童后来的语言技能之间的关联，而父母抑郁症状和敏感的养育方式独特地解释了早期 FITNR 与儿童随后的内化症状、外化问题、社交能力、和语言能力。讨论了这些发现的理论/实践意义。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2023 APA，保留所有权利）。