Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) exhibit extensive diversity, giving rise to different KIR profiles in populations worldwide. This study aimed to investigate the distribution of KIR genes and HLA ligands in a population from Campinas, southeastern Brazil (n  =  292), and to compare their results with other populations. A comprehensive analysis of population-specific genes, genotype, and haplotype frequencies of KIR may facilitate a better understanding of their evolution and role in immunity. The genotyping of 16 KIR genes and HLA class I alleles was performed by the reverse sequence-specific oligonucleotide methodology using the Luminex platform (One Lambda, Inc., Canoga Park, CA). The framework genes were present in all individuals, with the most common non-framework KIR genes detected being KIR2DP1(96.6%), KIR2DL1(95.5%), KIR3DL1(94.5%), KIR2DS4(93.8%) and KIR2DL3(87.3%). KIR2DS1, KIR2DS3, KIR2DS5, and KIR3DS1 presented frequencies below 40%. KIR2DL2, KIR2DL5, and KIR2DS2 showed intermediate frequencies (between53% and 58%). The activating gene KIR2DS5 was the least common in this population (30.8%). Forty-five KIR profiles were found with the commonest being the homozygous A haplotype (27.4%). The distribution of KIR genes in the Brazilian population is similar to Caucasian European and Euro-descendant populations.

中文翻译：

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巴西人群中的杀伤细胞免疫球蛋白样受体 (KIR) 基因及其 HLA 配体。

杀伤细胞免疫球蛋白样受体 (KIR) 表现出广泛的多样性，导致世界范围内的人群具有不同的 KIR 特征。本研究旨在调查巴西东南部坎皮纳斯人群 (n = 292) 中 KIR 基因和 HLA 配体的分布，并将其结果与其他人群进行比较。对 KIR 的人群特异性基因、基因型和单倍型频率进行全面分析可能有助于更好地了解其进化和在免疫中的作用。使用 Luminex 平台（One Lambda, Inc., Canoga Park, CA）通过反向序列特异性寡核苷酸方法对 16 个 KIR 基因和 HLA I 类等位基因进行基因分型。框架基因存在于所有个体中，最常见的非框架KIR基因是KIR2DP1（96.6％）、KIR2DL1（95.5％）、KIR3DL1（94.5％）、KIR2DS4（93.8％）和KIR2DL3（87.3％）。KIR2DS1、KIR2DS3、KIR2DS5 和 KIR3DS1 的频率低于 40%。KIR2DL2、KIR2DL5 和 KIR2DS2 显示出中间频率（53% 至 58% 之间）。激活基因 KIR2DS5 在该人群中最不常见（30.8%）。发现了 45 个 KIR 图谱，其中最常见的是纯合 A 单倍型 (27.4%)。巴西人群中 KIR 基因的分布与欧洲高加索人和欧洲后裔人群相似。