ABSTRACT

A number of studies have identified a gender gap in social attitudes, but few have studied the phenomenon in the context of old age pension schemes. Using data from a 2019 Norwegian survey, we examined patterns of support for three distribution principles in pensions (anti-poverty, merit, and equality). Compared to men, women are more supportive of the anti-poverty and equality principles, and less supportive of the merit principle. The gender difference for the anti-poverty principle persists in multivariate analyses, but disappears for the merit and equality principles when we control for socioeconomic factors, particularly income. Analyzing men and women separately revealed that partnership status and health interact with gender. Income however appears to affect men and women equally; high-income women are as likely as high-income men to support the principle of merit and reject the principle of equality.

摘要

许多研究都发现了社会态度中的性别差距，但很少有人在养老金计划的背景下研究这一现象。使用 2019 年挪威调查的数据，我们研究了对养老金三项分配原则（反贫困、择优和平等）的支持模式。与男性相比，女性更支持反贫困和平等原则，不太支持择优原则。反贫困原则中的性别差异在多变量分析中仍然存在，但当我们控制社会经济因素，特别是收入时，择优原则和平等原则中的性别差异就消失了。分别分析男性和女性表明，伴侣关系状况和健康状况与性别相互作用。然而，收入对男性和女性的影响似乎是平等的；高收入女性和高收入男性一样支持择优原则而拒绝平等原则。