Purpose

Each stage in disaster management faces different challenges concerning information gathering, sharing, interpretation and dissemination. However, a comprehensive understanding of different information and communication technology (ICT) systems utilised for humanitarian disaster management is limited. Therefore, the paper follows a systems thinking approach to examine ten major man-made and/or natural disasters to comprehend the influence of ICT systems on humanitarian relief operations.

Design/methodology/approach

A longitudinal, multi-case study captures the use of ICT tools, stakeholders involvement, disaster stages and zones of operations for relief operations over the past two decades. A systems thinking approach is utilised to draw several inferences and develop frameworks.

Findings

Multiple ICT tools such as geographic information systems, online webpages/search engines, social media, unmanned aerial vehicles/robots and artificial intelligence are used for rapid disaster response and mitigation. Speed and coordination of relief operations have significantly increased in recent years due to the increased use of ICT systems.

Research limitations/implications

Secondary data on the past ten disasters is utilised to draw inferences. The developed ICT-driven model must be validated during upcoming humanitarian relief operations.

Practical implications

A holistic understanding of a complex inter-relationship between influential variables (stakeholders, disaster stages, zones of operation, ICT systems) is beneficial for effectively managing humanitarian disasters.

Originality/value

Broadly classifying the ICT systems into surveillance, decision support and broadcasting systems, a novel ICT-enabled model for humanitarian relief operations is developed.

中文翻译：

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基于信息通信技术的人道主义灾难管理方法：系统视角

目的

灾害管理的每个阶段都面临着信息收集、共享、解释和传播方面的不同挑战。然而，对用于人道主义灾难管理的不同信息和通信技术（ICT）系统的全面了解是有限的。因此，本文采用系统思维方法来研究十大人为和/或自然灾害，以了解信息通信技术系统对人道主义救援行动的影响。

设计/方法论/途径

一项纵向、多案例研究记录了过去二十年救援行动中信息通信技术工具的使用、利益相关者的参与、灾害阶段和行动区域。利用系统思维方法来得出一些推论并开发框架。

发现

地理信息系统、在线网页/搜索引擎、社交媒体、无人机/机器人和人工智能等多种信息通信技术工具用于快速响应和减灾。近年来，由于信息通信技术系统的使用增加，救援行动的速度和协调性显着提高。

研究局限性/影响

利用过去十次灾害的二手数据进行推断。所开发的信息通信技术驱动模型必须在即将到来的人道主义救援行动中得到验证。

实际影响

全面了解影响变量（利益相关者、灾害阶段、行动区域、信息通信技术系统）之间复杂的相互关系有利于有效管理人道主义灾难。

原创性/价值

将信息通信技术系统大致分为监视系统、决策支持系统和广播系统，开发了一种新的基于信息通信技术的人道主义救援行动模型。