Squeezing is a well-known geotechnical phenomenon in the excavation of underground spaces, especially tunnels. Squeezing occurs under different geotechnical conditions in weak rock masses. A study was carried out to develop a mathematical and practical model to predict squeezing so that risk mitigation measures can be taken if necessary. A mathematical model based on a gene expression programming algorithm was developed using a database of 115 squeezing case histories. Four model performance evaluation criteria – specificity, sensitivity, accuracy and Matthew's correlation coefficient – and the receiver operating characteristic curve were then assessed based on a testing dataset. The accuracy of the model was also compared with that of previously developed models. Found to be able to determine squeezing with acceptable accuracy, the model was then used to investigate squeezing-prone areas in the Beheshtabad water-conveyance tunnel in Iran.

中文翻译：

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使用基因表达编程模拟隧道挤压：案例研究

挤压是地下空间（尤其是隧道）开挖过程中众所周知的岩土现象。软弱岩体在不同的岩土工程条件下会发生挤压。我们进行了一项研究，开发数学和实用模型来预测挤压，以便在必要时采取风险缓解措施。使用包含 115 个挤压案例历史的数据库开发了基于基因表达编程算法的数学模型。然后根据测试数据集评估四个模型性能评估标准——特异性、敏感性、准确性和马修相关系数——以及受试者工作特征曲线。该模型的准确性也与之前开发的模型进行了比较。该模型被发现能够以可接受的精度确定挤压现象，随后用于调查伊朗 Beheshtabad 输水隧道中挤压现象多发的区域。