Resurgence of previously reinforced behavior represents a challenge to otherwise successful interventions based on differential reinforcement of alternative behavior (DRA). Expanded-operant treatments seek to increase the number of functional alternative behaviors through DRA, thereby potentially mitigating resurgence. However, the few studies that have directly examined these methods as a tool for resurgence mitigation have provided limited and unclear results. Thus, the present experiments were designed to investigate the effect of expanded-operant DRA methods on resurgence of previously reinforced behavior using rat subjects. In two experiments, following a baseline phase in which a target response was trained, groups of rats experienced concurrent (i.e., five simultaneous alternative responses), serial (i.e., five sequentially available alternative responses), or single DRA interventions arranging similar rates of alternative reinforcement in order to examine potential differences in resurgence. Both experiments showed that neither serial nor concurrent DRA expanded-operant treatments reduced resurgence compared with single DRA regardless of whether stimuli associated with previously reinforced alternative responses were removed (Experiment 1) or remained present (Experiment 2) for the serial-DRA group. Further, a primacy effect in resurgence was obtained for the serial-DRA group in both experiments. Overall, these results suggest that expanded-operant treatments may not help to reduce resurgence.

中文翻译：

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检查扩大手术治疗后大鼠的复苏情况

先前强化行为的复苏对基于替代行为差异强化（DRA）的成功干预措施构成了挑战。扩大手术治疗旨在通过 DRA 增加功能性替代行为的数量，从而有可能减轻复发。然而，直接检验这些方法作为缓解复苏工具的少数研究提供的结果有限且不明确。因此，本实验旨在研究扩展操作 DRA 方法对大鼠受试者先前强化行为的复苏的影响。在两个实验中，在训练目标反应的基线阶段之后，大鼠组经历了并发（即五个同时替代反应）、串行（即，五个连续可用的替代反应），或安排相似的替代强化率的单一 DRA 干预措施，以检查复苏的潜在差异。两项实验均表明，与单次 DRA 相比，连续或同时的 DRA 扩展操作治疗均不会减少复发，无论连续 DRA 组中与先前强化的替代反应相关的刺激是否被移除（实验 1）或仍然存在（实验 2）。此外，在两个实验中，串行 DRA 组都获得了复苏的首要效应。总体而言，这些结果表明扩大手术治疗可能无助于减少复发。两项实验均表明，与单次 DRA 相比，连续或同时的 DRA 扩展操作治疗均不会减少复发，无论连续 DRA 组中与先前强化的替代反应相关的刺激是否被移除（实验 1）或仍然存在（实验 2）。此外，在两个实验中，串行 DRA 组都获得了复苏的首要效应。总体而言，这些结果表明扩大手术治疗可能无助于减少复发。两项实验均表明，与单次 DRA 相比，连续或同时的 DRA 扩展操作治疗均不会减少复发，无论连续 DRA 组中与先前强化的替代反应相关的刺激是否被移除（实验 1）或仍然存在（实验 2）。此外，在两个实验中，串行 DRA 组都获得了复苏的首要效应。总体而言，这些结果表明扩大手术治疗可能无助于减少复发。在两个实验中，串行 DRA 组均获得了复苏的首要效应。总体而言，这些结果表明扩大手术治疗可能无助于减少复发。在两个实验中，串行 DRA 组均获得了复苏的首要效应。总体而言，这些结果表明扩大手术治疗可能无助于减少复发。