Field and pot investigations were conducted to determine the effectiveness of pyroxasulfone alone and its combinations with other herbicides against diverse weed flora of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) including multiple herbicide-resistant (MHR) littleseed canarygrass (Phalaris minor Retz.). Applications of pyroxasulfone 100–127.5 g/ha as pre-emergence (PE) or early post-emergence (EPOE) @ 63.75 g/ha at 21–23 days after sowing (1 day before irrigation) were highly effective for control of grass weeds namely P. minor and wild oat (Avena ludoviciana Dur.). It was poor for control of broad-leaved weeds (Medicago denticulata Willd. and Rumex dentatus L.). However, pyroxasulfone in tank-mix combination with metsulfuron 4 g/ha, triasulfuron 20 g/ha, and pyroxsulam 18 g/ha effectively controlled (96.5%–99.8%) the diverse weed flora and improved the wheat grain yield (69.5%–285.9%) over untreated weedy control. Also, the pre-mix of pyroxasulfone + pendimethalin applied as PE was superior to either of these applied alone for weed control and grain yield. Pyroxasulfone 100–127.5 g/ha had yield gain of 119.6%–125.4% and 10.1%–26% over untreated control and pendimethalin 800–1250 g/ha, respectively. In pot studies, straw burnt ash drastically reduced the pyroxasulfone efficacy against P. minor and A. ludoviciana. Pyroxasulfone was also effective in pot studies for control of MHR P. minor having resistance against acetyl-coA carboxylase (ACCase), acetolactate synthase (ALS), and photosynthesis at the photosystem-II site-A (PS-II) inhibitor herbicides (clodinafop, sulfosulfuron, and isoproturon, respectively). The studies indicate that pyroxasulfone as PE or EPOE can be an alternative grass weed control herbicide in wheat in particular for the control of MHR P. minor.

中文翻译：

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用派罗克杀草磺及其与其他除草剂的复配物防治小麦杂草

进行了田间和盆栽调查，以确定单独使用派罗克杀草磺隆及其与其他除草剂的组合对小麦（Triticum aestivum L.）多种杂草菌群（包括多种除草剂抗性（MHR）小种子金丝雀草（Phalaris minor Retz.））的有效性。播种后 21-23 天（灌溉前 1 天）在芽前 (PE) 或芽后早期 (EPOE) @ 63.75 g/ha 施用 100–127.5 g/ha 派罗克杀草磺，对于控制禾本科杂草非常有效即小燕麦和野燕麦（Avena ludoviciana Dur .）。对阔叶杂草（Medicago denticulata Willd.、Rumex dentatus L）防效较差。）。然而，派罗克磺隆与甲磺隆 4 克/公顷、三磺隆 20 克/公顷和吡咯磺草胺 18 克/公顷的桶混组合有效控制 (96.5%–99.8%) 杂草菌群多样性，并提高了小麦籽粒产量 (69.5%– 285.9%）比未经处理的杂草对照高。此外，作为 PE 施用的派罗克杀草砜 + 二甲戊乐灵预混物在杂草控制和谷物产量方面优于单独施用其中任何一种。与未处理的对照和二甲戊灵 800-1250 克/公顷相比，派罗克杀磺隆 100-127.5 克/公顷的产量分别增加了 119.6%-125.4% 和 10.1%-26%。在盆栽研究中，秸秆燃烧灰大大降低了派罗克磺隆对P.minor和A.ludoviciana的功效。Pyroxasulfone 在盆栽研究中也能有效控制 MHR P.minor对乙酰辅酶 A 羧化酶 (ACCase)、乙酰乳酸合酶 (ALS) 和光系统 II 位点 A (PS-II) 光合作用抑制剂除草剂（分别为可草酯、磺磺隆和异丙隆）具有抗性。研究表明，派罗克杀草磺酮作为 PE 或 EPOE 可以作为小麦杂草控制的替代除草剂，特别是用于控制 MHR P.minor。