This article discusses speech and hearing disabled Americans’ claims to citizenship during World War I, and the ways American policymakers sought to rehabilitate American soldiers treated in the U.S. Army Section of Defects of Hearing and Speech—or those classified after the Section’s closure as deaf, hard-of-hearing, or “speech defective.” Ultimately, I argue that one’s aural communication abilities were indicators of worthiness in American society and that this was especially the case during World War I, when tensions about speech and hearing heightened within and outside of the Deaf community due to significant pressures placed on Americans to show support for the war. Such pressures also shaped the experiences of American soldiers treated for speech and hearing disabilities after 1918, by suggesting that their service to the United States could not be complete until they were successfully rehabilitated through lip-reading training. To be able to aurally communicate signified the veterans’ sound citizenship in a literal and a metaphorical sense.

中文翻译：

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良好的公民意识：第一次世界大战中的听力和言语障碍

本文讨论了第一次世界大战期间有言语和听力障碍的美国人对公民身份的要求，以及美国政策制定者寻求使在美国陆军听力和言语缺陷科接受治疗的美国士兵或该科关闭后被归类为聋哑人的士兵康复的方式，听力障碍或“言语缺陷”。最后，我认为，一个人的听觉交流能力是美国社会价值的指标，尤其是在第一次世界大战期间，由于美国人承受着巨大的压力，聋人社区内外的言语和听力紧张局势加剧。表明对战争的支持。这种压力也塑造了 1918 年后因语言和听力障碍而接受治疗的美国士兵的经历。暗示他们在通过唇读训练成功康复之前，不可能完成对美国的服务。能够进行听觉交流，无论从字面意义上还是隐喻意义上，都标志着退伍军人拥有健全的公民身份。