Abstract

Mixed fisheries occur when multiple species are caught together and harvested by multiple fleets. The biological and technical interactions in mixed fisheries distinguish them from single-species fisheries, which makes them challenging for their assessment and management. The present knowledge synthesis reviewed pertinent policy documents and academic databases for twenty-three mixed fisheries worldwide; aiming to characterize attributes of mixed fisheries, provide overviews on their assessment and management, assess current research progress, and identify key factors that impact management effectiveness. Mixed fisheries were found to exhibit varying characteristics worldwide, rendering the implementation of universal management solutions unlikely. While mixed fisheries stock assessment and management are mostly based on single-species approaches, additional mixed fisheries considerations were incorporated at various scales, including multispecies, sector-specific, fishery, and ecosystem levels. Ecosystem-wide management considerations were the most significant contributor to improved management performance in terms of conserving stock biomass and preventing overfishing, underscoring the merits of the Ecosystem-based Fisheries Management (EBFM) principle. Mixed fisheries research demonstrated regional and thematic variations, with the most popular topics addressing immediate and practical management concerns, and the less frequently discussed topics offering valuable insights related to climate change and socio-ecological perspectives. The synthesis identified the available management approaches for mixed fisheries from different jurisdictions, yet their diversity highlighted a lack of global consensus on best management practices. Future mixed fisheries will benefit from balancing tradeoffs between ecological and socio-economic needs, implementing EBFM, adopting diverse and harmonized management tools, and prioritizing monitoring efforts.

摘要

当多个物种一起捕捞并由多个船队收获时，就会出现混合渔业。混合渔业中的生物和技术相互作用使其有别于单一物种渔业，这使得它们的评估和管理面临挑战。本知识综合审查了全世界 23 个混合渔业的相关政策文件和学术数据库；旨在描述混合渔业的属性，概述其评估和管理，评估当前的研究进展，并确定影响管理有效性的关键因素。研究发现，世界范围内的混合渔业表现出不同的特征，因此不太可能实施通用管理解决方案。虽然混合渔业种群评估和管理主要基于单一物种方法，在不同层面纳入了额外的混合渔业考虑因素，包括多物种、特定部门、渔业和生态系统层面。生态系统范围内的管理考虑因素是提高保护种群生物量和防止过度捕捞方面管理绩效的最重要因素，凸显了基于生态系统的渔业管理（EBFM）原则的优点。混合渔业研究表明了区域和主题的差异，最热门的主题解决了当前和实际的管理问题，而不太常讨论的主题则提供了与气候变化和社会生态观点相关的宝贵见解。该综合报告确定了不同管辖区混合渔业的可用管理方法，然而，它们的多样性凸显了全球对最佳管理实践缺乏共识。未来的混合渔业将受益于平衡生态和社会经济需求之间的权衡、实施EBFM、采用多样化和统一的管理工具以及优先考虑监测工作。