On the one hand, fully flexible demand-responsive feeder services efficiently tailor their service to passengers' needs. Traditional services, on the other hand, offer predictability and easier cost control. This paper considers a semi-flexible feeder service that combines positive characteristics of both traditional and fully flexible services. There are two types of bus stops in this service. Mandatory bus stops have a maximum allowable headway for bus departures. Optional stops are only visited when there is demand for transportation nearby. When new passenger requests arrive, the performance of this feeder service is optimised in real time. A metaheuristic with two phases is developed to optimise the service. The dynamic optimisation method is compared to a model that optimises the service when all requests are known beforehand. The results show that the dynamic method has an average gap of 6.5% with respect to the static model and an average acceptance rate of 95.1%. A case study in the city of Antwerp shows that, when compared to existing transit options in the region, this feeder service can increase the service quality by 31.6% when enough resources are available.

一方面，完全灵活的需求响应型支线服务可以有效地根据乘客的需求定制服务。另一方面，传统服务提供可预测性和更容易的成本控制。本文考虑了一种半灵活支线服务，它结合了传统服务和完全灵活服务的积极特征。此服务有两种类型的巴士站。强制公交车站规定了公交车发车的最大允许发车间隔。仅当附近有交通需求时才会访问可选站点。当新的乘客请求到达时，该支线服务的性能会实时优化。开发了具有两个阶段的元启发法来优化服务。动态优化方法与预先知道所有请求时优化服务的模型进行比较。结果表明，动态方法相对于静态模型平均差距为6.5%，平均接受率为95.1%。安特卫普市的案例研究表明，与该地区现有的交通选择相比，在资源充足的情况下，这种支线服务可以将服务质量提高31.6%。