A new shallow layer laboratory model of global atmospheric circulation is realised and studied by experiments and numerical simulations. A shallow rotating cylindrical fluid layer of 30 mm thickness and 690 mm diameter, with a localised heater at the bottom periphery and localised cooler in the central part of the upper boundary is considered. The rim heater imitates the equator heating and disc cooler – the North pole cooling. The flow transforms from the Hadley-like regime to the baroclinic wave regime through transitional states. The decrease in the thermal Rossby number for the fixed value of Taylor number results in the regularisation of the baroclinic waves. All wave regimes, even with regular wave structures, are characterised by strong non-periodic fluctuations. The observed baroclinic wave structures are a combination of temporarily evolving different baroclinic modes. The important outcome of the shallow layer model is a realisation of the Earth-like meridional three-cell structure. It is shown that the three-cell structure with analogs of polar, Ferrel and Hadley cells exist only in a limited range of parameters. A comparison of the results for the water and silicon oil demonstrated that the physical properties of the fluid can have a strong impact on the baroclinic wave structure.

通过实验和数值模拟实现并研究了一种新的全球大气环流浅层实验室模型。考虑厚度为 30 mm、直径为 690 mm 的浅旋转圆柱形流体层，底部周边有局部加热器，上边界中心部分有局部冷却器。边缘加热器模仿赤道加热和盘式冷却器 - 北极冷却。流动通过过渡态从类哈德利波态转变为斜压波态。对于泰勒数固定值，热罗斯贝数的减小导致斜斜波的正则化。所有波浪形态，即使具有规则的波浪结构，都具有强烈的非周期性波动的特征。观察到的斜压波结构是暂时演化的不同斜压模式的组合。浅层模型的重要成果是实现了类地经向三单元结构。结果表明，与极地、费雷尔和哈德利细胞类似的三细胞结构仅存在于有限的参数范围内。水和硅油结果的比较表明，流体的物理性质会对斜压波结构产生强烈影响。