ABSTRACT

Slut-shaming is a form of discrimination against those who violate gender stereotypes, independent of that person’s gender identity or sexual orientation or sexual behaviour and appearance. Slut-shaming is a sexual stigmatisation perpetrated both by women and men through rumours, criticism and ostracism and it has severe negative effects both on self-identity and interpersonal relations. This review focuses on psychosocial factors associated with vulnerability to slut-shaming exposure and was carried out using the new Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocol. Articles were retrieved from Scopus and Web of Science databases. After having initially considered 585 articles, 19 studies were selected for this research. A qualitative analysis was conducted on selected studies, focusing on psychosocial variables associated with slut-shaming. Gender norms and sexual double standards were identified as meaningful precursor variables of slut-shaming exposure. Moreover, gender differences were highlighted: female adolescents, young women and LGBTQI+ individuals seem more likely to be at risk of slut-shaming exposure and seem to suffer more severe negative consequences. Certain pivotal recommendations have been made in order to prevent and avoid slut-shaming, and these include developing social interventions , fostering gender awareness as a protective factor and making informed decisions within a clinical context.

摘要

荡妇羞辱是对那些违反性别陈规定型观念的人的一种歧视，与该人的性别认同、性取向、性行为和外表无关。荡妇羞辱是女性和男性通过谣言、批评和排斥而造成的一种性污名化，它对自我认同和人际关系产生严重的负面影响。本次审查的重点是与荡妇羞辱暴露的脆弱性相关的心理社会因素，并使用新的系统审查和荟萃分析首选报告项目（PRISMA）协议进行。文章检索自 Scopus 和 Web of Science 数据库。在初步考虑了 585 篇文章后，最终选择了 19 项研究进行本研究。对选定的研究进行了定性分析，关注与荡妇羞辱相关的心理社会变量。性别规范和性双重标准被认为是荡妇羞辱暴露的有意义的前体变量。此外，性别差异也得到了强调：女性青少年、年轻女性和 LGBTQI+ 个体似乎更有可能面临荡妇羞辱的风险，并且似乎遭受更严重的负面后果。为了防止和避免荡妇羞辱，已经提出了一些关键建议，其中包括制定社会干预措施、培养性别意识作为保护因素以及在临床背景下做出明智的决定。年轻女性和 LGBTQI+ 个体似乎更有可能面临荡妇羞辱的风险，并且似乎遭受更严重的负面后果。为了防止和避免荡妇羞辱，已经提出了一些关键建议，其中包括制定社会干预措施、培养性别意识作为保护因素以及在临床背景下做出明智的决定。年轻女性和 LGBTQI+ 个体似乎更有可能面临荡妇羞辱的风险，并且似乎遭受更严重的负面后果。为了防止和避免荡妇羞辱，已经提出了一些关键建议，其中包括制定社会干预措施、培养性别意识作为保护因素以及在临床背景下做出明智的决定。