ABSTRACT

The increasing uptake of electric vehicles (EVs) has raised concerns about the impact a large fleet could have on electricity markets and distribution grids alike. Charging strategies have emerged as a means to provide flexibility, especially to electricity distribution grids, by controlling the EV charging process. This paper presents a typification of charging strategies and introduces a conceptual framework for appraising their flexibility in distribution grids. This is underpinned by data collected through an aggregative systematic literature review. The framework is derived from an exploratory qualitative content analysis of the sampled data and encompasses four flexibility dimensions: time, duration, quantity, and location of charging. Structural elements of a charging strategy are also explored, complementing the framework. Finally, the paper also presents a quantitative data analysis assessing the level of flexibility provided by each charging strategy. Results show that flexibility dimensions are not equally exploited, direct control strategies do not strictly outperform other control alternatives and innovative charging structures are yet to thrive for flexibility supply to increase. These findings contribute to better-informed, evidence-based policy interventions.

摘要

电动汽车（EV）的日益普及引发了人们对大型车队可能对电力市场和配电网产生影响的担忧。充电策略已成为通过控制电动汽车充电过程来提供灵活性的一种手段，特别是对于配电网。本文介绍了收费策略的典型，并介绍了评估其在配电网中的灵活性的概念框架。这是通过综合系统文献综述收集的数据支撑的。该框架源自对采样数据的探索性定性内容分析，涵盖四个灵活性维度：充电时间、持续时间、数量和地点。还探讨了收费策略的结构要素，以补充该框架。最后，该文件还提供了定量数据分析，评估每种收费策略提供的灵活性水平。结果表明，灵活性维度并未得到同等利用，直接控制策略并没有严格优于其他控制替代方案，创新的收费结构尚未蓬勃发展，以增加灵活性供应。这些发现有助于制定更明智、基于证据的政策干预措施。