Abstract

Since the 1980s, the question of Islam in France has been an element of the smaller and larger fears of French society. First exploited by the countries of origin of Muslim immigrants or by mayors of suburbs wishing to use religious associations to combat delinquency, the construction of Islam in France quickly came up against a current situation made up of the successive “affairs of Islamic veil”, controversies over secularism and terrorist violence in a context of rising extreme right-wing political trends riding on concerns about security. This article delineates these disparate but related trends and events that turn “Islam in France” into a “Muslim problem” which leads to a separate, “exceptional,” legal approach to citizens of Muslim faith.

摘要

自 20 世纪 80 年代以来，法国的伊斯兰教问题一直是法国社会大大小小的恐惧的一个组成部分。法国的伊斯兰教建设首先受到穆斯林移民原籍国或希望利用宗教协会打击犯罪的郊区市长的利用，但很快就遇到了由接二连三的“伊斯兰面纱事件”、争议所构成的现状。在基于安全担忧的极右翼政治趋势不断上升的背景下，反对世俗主义和恐怖主义暴力。本文描述了这些不同但相关的趋势和事件，这些趋势和事件将“法国的伊斯兰教”变成了“穆斯林问题”，从而导致对穆斯林信仰公民采取单独的、“特殊的”法律方法。