Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) are important pathogenic E. coli characterized by the production of Shiga toxin, intimin, and enterohemolysin, which are important virulence factors for pathogenesis. These virulence factors are the cause of enterocyte extinction and affect both intestinal cells and various extraintestinal cells such as lymphocytes, granulocytes, erythrocytes, and renal cells. The resultant severe bloody diarrhea and colonic infections are associated with life-threatening extraintestinal complications, leading to high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although EHEC has been responsible for large outbreaks around the world, research into effective therapies to prevent and treat the infection in a timely manner and affordable diagnostic tests remains a challenge due to the complicated nature of the bacteria. This review addresses previous studies, the current status, and prospects regarding the severity, treatment, and diagnosis of EHEC with a focus on a new finding on the use of simple point of care diagnostic procedures.

肠出血性大肠杆菌（EHEC）是重要的致病性大肠杆菌其特征是产生志贺毒素、肠溶血素和肠溶血素，它们是发病机制的重要毒力因子。这些毒力因子是肠上皮细胞灭绝的原因，并影响肠细胞和各种肠外细胞，如淋巴细胞、粒细胞、红细胞和肾细胞。由此产生的严重血性腹泻和结肠感染与危及生命的肠外并发症有关，导致全世界的高发病率和死亡率。尽管肠出血性大肠杆菌一直是世界各地大规模疫情爆发的罪魁祸首，但由于这种细菌的复杂性质，研究及时预防和治疗感染的有效疗法以及负担得起的诊断测试仍然是一个挑战。这篇综述讨论了以前的研究、当前的状态、