ABSTRACT

African-Canadians continue to bear the brunt of marginality and stereotyping in Canada even when various mitigating studies and programs have been initiated by the government at federal, state, and municipal levels. These stereotypes continue to affect them in informal settings and state institutions when seeking employment, housing or when in the streets, malls, schools, etc. While social justice advocates, social workers, and policy-makers focus on “Black-White” dynamics because other “racialized minorities” are also marginalized (though not equally) in Canada, it is important to note that “non-White” Canadians also contribute to the spread of historical stereotypes of African-Canadians within Canadian multiculturalism as noted in the emphasis of the city of Toronto’s mitigating strategies for “anti-Black racism.” Using social group position theory (SGPT) and asset-based model (ABCD), this paper argues that interrogating social group biases beyond “Black-White” binarism to encourage inter-group dialogs is important in making sure that different multicultural communities understand one another through favorable, activities-mediated, inter-group relations as opposed to having multicultural relations mediated by third parties, or not mediated at all. We also argue that African-Canadians should focus on internal strengths and only use external help to augment community initiatives to change the extant negative image.

摘要

尽管联邦、州和市各级政府启动了各种缓解研究和计划，但非洲裔加拿大人在加拿大仍然首当其冲地受到边缘化和陈规定型观念的影响。当他们在非正式环境和国家机构寻找就业、住房或在街道、商场、学校等时，这些刻板印象继续影响他们。虽然社会正义倡导者、社会工作者和政策制定者关注“黑白”动态，因为尽管其他“种族化少数群体”在加拿大也被边缘化（尽管并非平等），但值得注意的是，“非白人”加拿大人也助长了非洲裔加拿大人的历史成见在加拿大多元文化主义中的传播，正如多伦多市针对“反黑人种族主义”的缓解策略。本文运用社会群体立场理论（SGPT）和基于资产的模型（ABCD）认为，质疑“黑白”二元论之外的社会群体偏见以鼓励群体间对话对于确保不同的多元文化社区理解一个群体很重要。另一种是通过有利的、以活动为中介的群体间关系，而不是由第三方中介或根本不中介的多元文化关系。我们还认为，非洲裔加拿大人应该注重内部优势，只利用外部帮助来增强社区举措，以改变现有的负面形象。本文认为，质疑“黑白”二元论之外的社会群体偏见以鼓励群体间对话对于确保不同的多元文化社区通过有利的、以活动为中介的群体间关系而不是多元文化关系相互理解非常重要由第三方调解，或根本不调解。我们还认为，非洲裔加拿大人应该注重内部优势，只利用外部帮助来增强社区举措，以改变现有的负面形象。本文认为，质疑“黑白”二元论之外的社会群体偏见以鼓励群体间对话对于确保不同的多元文化社区通过有利的、以活动为中介的群体间关系而不是多元文化关系相互理解非常重要由第三方调解，或根本不调解。我们还认为，非洲裔加拿大人应该注重内部优势，只利用外部帮助来增强社区举措，以改变现有的负面形象。