Ocean planning provides opportunities for managers to evaluate tradeoffs among environmental, social, economic, cultural, and management considerations in the development of place-based activities. Early integration of mobile protected species considerations into ocean planning reduces the likelihood of future resource conflict. Transparency and problem solving with potential conflicts in mind during the early planning stages can help to minimize contention and increase efficiency in permitting and may also minimize litigation challenges during project design and implementation. Starting with a large area, such as the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management's (BOEM) initial 12.1-million-ha call area in federal waters of the U.S. Gulf of Mexico, provided substantial geographic scope for identifying suitable areas for eventual offshore wind lease sales that also aim to minimize conflict across multiple resources and uses.

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海洋规划中的受保护物种考虑因素：美国墨西哥湾海上风能开发案例研究

海洋规划为管理者提供了评估基于地点的活动发展中环境、社会、经济、文化和管理考虑因素之间权衡的机会。及早将流动受保护物种考虑因素纳入海洋规划可减少未来资源冲突的可能性。在早期规划阶段考虑到潜在冲突的透明度和解决问题有助于最大限度地减少争用并提高许可效率，还可以最大限度地减少项目设计和实施期间的诉讼挑战。从大面积开始，例如海洋能源管理局 (BOEM) 在美国墨西哥湾联邦水域的最初 1210 万公顷的呼叫区域，