Pelagic photosynthesis and respiration serve critical roles in controlling the dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration in seawater. The consumption and production via pelagic primary production are of particular importance in the surface ocean and in freshwater ecosystems where photosynthetically active radiation is abundant. However, the dynamic nature and large degree of heterogeneity in these ecosystems pose substantial challenges for providing accurate estimates of marine primary production and metabolic state. The resulting lack of higher-resolution data in these systems hinders efforts in scaling and including primary production in predictive models. To bridge the gap, we developed and validated a novel automated water incubator that measures in situ rates of photosynthesis and respiration. The automated water incubation system uses commercially available optodes and microcontrollers to record continuous measurements of DO within a closed chamber at desired intervals. With fast response optodes, the incubation system produced measurements of photosynthesis and respiration with an hourly resolution, resolving diel signals in the water column. The high temporal resolution of the time series also enabled the development of Monte Carlo simulation as a new data analysis technique to calculate DO fluxes, with improved performance in noisy time series. Deployment of the incubator was conducted near Ucantena Island, Massachusetts, U.S.A. The data captured diel fluctuations in metabolic fluxes with an hourly resolution, allowed for a more accurate correlation between oxygen cycling and environmental conditions, and provided improved characterization of the pelagic metabolic state.

中文翻译：

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通过自动化原位孵化系统量化中上层初级生产和呼吸

远洋光合作用和呼吸在控制海水中溶解氧 (DO) 浓度方面发挥着关键作用。通过中上层初级生产进行的消费和生产在光合有效辐射丰富的表层海洋和淡水生态系统中特别重要。然而，这些生态系统的动态性质和很大程度的异质性对提供海洋初级生产和代谢状态的准确估计提出了巨大的挑战。由于这些系统中缺乏更高分辨率的数据，阻碍了扩展和将初级生产纳入预测模型的努力。为了弥补这一差距，我们开发并验证了一种新型自动化水培养箱，可以原位测量光合作用和呼吸速率。自动水孵化系统使用市售光极和微控制器，以所需的时间间隔记录密闭室内的 DO 连续测量值。借助快速响应光极，孵化系统可以每小时分辨率测量光合作用和呼吸作用，从而解析水柱中的昼夜信号。时间序列的高时间分辨率也使得蒙特卡罗模拟的发展成为一种计算溶解氧通量的新数据分析技术，并在噪声时间序列中提高了性能。孵化器的部署在美国马萨诸塞州乌坎特纳岛附近进行。数据捕获了每小时分辨率的代谢通量的昼夜波动，从而可以更准确地了解氧循环和环境条件之间的相关性，