Understanding the potential effect of environmental regulation on employment is of broad interest to key stakeholders. Concerns encompass both short- and longer-term effects on workers within the regulated sector, affected communities that already suffer from a lack of employment opportunities, and net employment in the overall economy. We begin our review by presenting a neoclassical microeconomic framework demonstrating how environmental regulations might affect labor demand. We then summarize the main empirical findings from the literature, including sector-specific partial equilibrium estimates and general equilibrium approaches to identifying the employment impacts of regulations. We also briefly describe the literature on how environmental regulations affect labor supply. Finally, we discuss remaining research gaps.

中文翻译：

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环境监管和劳动力需求：证据告诉我们什么？

了解环境监管对就业的潜在影响引起了主要利益相关者的广泛兴趣。人们的担忧包括对受监管部门的工人、已经缺乏就业机会的受影响社区以及整体经济中的净就业产生的短期和长期影响。我们首先提出一个新古典微观经济框架，展示环境法规如何影响劳动力需求。然后，我们总结了文献中的主要实证结果，包括特定部门的部分均衡估计和确定监管对就业影响的一般均衡方法。我们还简要描述了有关环境法规如何影响劳动力供应的文献。最后，我们讨论剩余的研究空白。