ABSTRACT

Synchronized indoor and outdoor sampling campaigns of PM₁₀ were performed in two research laboratories and a mechanical workshop in Mexico City, during the dry cold season. The goals were to measure indoor and outdoor gravimetric mass and elemental concentrations, recognize the origin of particles, penetration toward the indoor environments, and assess inhalation, ingestion, and dermal absorption risks to human health. Concentrations of 18 elements were measured with X-ray Fluorescence; selected samples were studied with Scanning Electron Microscopy. Mass concentrations were higher outdoors than indoors and elemental concentrations were similar. Enrichment factors identified several geogenic elements. Cluster Analysis recognized common sources of elements and penetration of outdoor particles to indoor environments. Particles emitted indoors could be identified. Exposure to Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Pb particles produced low health risks; Cr may only cause an ingestion risk. Only outdoor Mn and Ni Hazard Quotients are higher outdoors than indoors. 

摘要

_{PM 10}的室内外同步采样活动在干冷季节期间，在墨西哥城的两个研究实验室和一个机械车间进行了这项研究。目标是测量室内和室外的重力质量和元素浓度，识别颗粒的来源、对室内环境的渗透，并评估吸入、摄入和皮肤吸收对人类健康的风险。采用X射线荧光法测定18种元素的浓度；使用扫描电子显微镜对选定的样品进行研究。室外质量浓度高于室内，元素浓度相似。富集因子确定了几种地质元素。聚类分析识别了元素的常见来源以及室外颗粒对室内环境的渗透。可以识别室内排放的颗粒。接触锰、铁、镍、铜、锌、铅颗粒产生的健康风险较低；Cr 可能只会造成摄入风险。只有室外锰和镍危险商数室外高于室内。