Abstract

Archaeological pottery shows various forms of deterioration and degradation. This research aims to determine the chemical composition and diagnose the damage manifestations of three pottery vessels from the archaeological site of Saqqara. The AutoCAD, digital microscope, X-ray diffraction, polarized microscope, portable X-ray fluorescence, and scanning electron microscopy are utilized to understand the preservation status of pottery vessels. According to the investigation’s findings, the chosen vessels had cracks, accumulated dirt, missing parts, peeling of the slip layer, and black deposits. The X-ray diffraction analysis showed that Albite, Anorthite, Wollastonite, Quartz, Calcite, and Hematite are the primary constituents of the vessels. However, the polarized microscope showed the plagioclase feldspar, indicating that the Nile clay is the source of the raw clay and that the temperature rose above 800 °C. Portable X-ray fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy revealed different concentrations of Si, Fe, and Ca, which are the main pottery components. In addition to the presence of high concentrations of chloride salts. There is no doubt that this will help to preserve the archaeological pottery in future studies.

摘要

考古陶器显示出各种形式的劣化和退化。本研究旨在确定萨卡拉考古遗址三件陶器的化学成分并诊断其损坏表现。利用AutoCAD、数码显微镜、X射线衍射、偏光显微镜、便携式X射线荧光、扫描电镜等手段了解陶器的保存状况。根据调查结果，所选容器存在裂缝、积垢、零件缺失、滑层剥落和黑色沉积物。X射线衍射分析表明钠长石、钙长石、硅灰石、石英、方解石和赤铁矿是容器的主要成分。然而偏光显微镜却显示出斜长石，表明尼罗河粘土是原始粘土的来源，并且温度升至 800 °C 以上。便携式 X 射线荧光和扫描电子显微镜显示出不同浓度的硅、铁和钙，它们是陶器的主要成分。此外还存在高浓度的氯化物盐。毫无疑问，这将有助于在未来的研究中保存考古陶器。