Abstract

Anthracnose, caused by hemibiotrophic Colletotrichum spp., is a destructive disease of legumes and many other crops worldwide. Colletotrichum spp. constitute one of the top 10 phytopathogenic fungi, infecting ∼3,000 plant species, attacking food and forage legume crops at all growth stages; including seed, seedlings, young, and mature plants; with consequent significant yield reductions. Presently, cultural practices and substantial use of synthetic fungicides are the most prevalent approaches for anthracnose management. In addition, there has been a strong focus toward developing advanced breeding lines and cultivars with improved anthracnose resistance. This has involved traditional breeding resulting in a wide range of anthracnose resistance resources being identified, particularly using advanced techniques within the common bean, soybean, lentil, mungbean, blackgram, and lupins. For instance, quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for resistance have been identified, enabling marker-assisted resistance breeding. More recently, molecular approaches; including genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics; have been utilized to understand the pathogenesis and defense mechanisms involved in the Colletotrichum-legume interaction. Genetic manipulation through omics offers scope to better protect legumes from anthracnose by improving the efficiency of breeding programs. This review focuses on key pathogens (viz., C. truncatum, C. lentis, C. lupini, and C. lindemuthianum) causing anthracnose in legumes, their biology, and epidemiology, the disease management levers embracing progress with host resistance, genetic and breeding approaches, and highlights critical knowledge gaps in conventional and molecular breeding programs. We conclude that the ongoing progress toward developing breeding lines/cultivars/donors with improved resistance in legume plant responses against anthracnose using omics approaches offers novel insights into legume-anthracnose pathogen interactions and ensures more sustainable and effective disease management strategies for the future.

摘要

炭疽病是由半生物营养型炭疽病菌引起的，是一种对全世界豆科植物和许多其他作物造成破坏的疾病。炭疽菌属种。构成十大植物病原真菌之一，感染约 3,000 种植物，攻击各个生长阶段的粮食和饲料豆类作物；包括种子、幼苗、幼苗和成熟植物；从而导致产量大幅下降。目前，栽培实践和大量使用合成杀菌剂是炭疽病防治最普遍的方法。此外，人们还重点开发具有改良炭疽病抗性的先进育种系和品种。这涉及传统育种，从而鉴定出广泛的炭疽病抗性资源，特别是在普通豆、大豆、扁豆、绿豆、黑豆和羽扇豆中使用先进技术。例如，已经确定了抗性的数量性状基因座（QTL），实现标记辅助抗性育种。最近，分子方法；包括基因组学、转录组学、蛋白质组学和代谢组学；已被用来了解涉及的发病机制和防御机制炭疽菌-豆科植物相互作用。通过组学进行的基因操作通过提高育种计划的效率，为更好地保护豆类免受炭疽病提供了空间。本综述重点关注关键病原体（即元宝棒状杆菌、慢棒棒状杆菌、羽扇豆棒状杆菌和林德穆斯棒状杆菌））在豆类、其生物学和流行病学中引起炭疽病，疾病管理手段包括宿主抗性、遗传和育种方法的进展，并强调传统和分子育种计划中的关键知识差距。我们的结论是，利用组学方法开发具有改善豆科植物炭疽病反应抗性的育种系/品种/供体的持续进展，为豆科植物-炭疽病病原体相互作用提供了新的见解，并确保了未来更可持续和有效的疾病管理策略。