Abstract

Anthocyanins are important water-soluble pigments that are widely found in plants and determine the color of plant organs, which possess significant health and economic value. The anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway is well established and some key regulators controlling this pathway have been identified in a variety of species. In recent years, microRNAs, transcription factors, and external factors, including light, temperature and hormones have emerged as central regulators of a variety of secondary metabolic responses, including anthocyanin metabolism, as both plant self-regulatory factors and environmental signals that stimulate plant development. Many discoveries have begun to suggest gene/signal-gene modules to reveal the signaling pathways involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis during fruit ripening and the links between specific genes. This paper reviews the internal and external factors and associated network mechanisms that regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis and accumulation in eudicots plants. miRNAs have different effects on the biosynthesis of anthocyanins in different species by binding to their target genes to form regulatory modules. The review also focuses on the conclusion that light signals (light quality, photoperiod, and light intensity) further regulate anthocyanin accumulation by binding to their corresponding photoreceptors (UVR8, CRYs, and PHYs) and affecting the binding and stabilization of the central regulators of the light pathway, such as COP1 and the transcription factor HY5. This article aims to provide a reference for future research on the regulation of anthocyanin by effective pathways, and to contribute to the selection of new varieties and the improvement of cultivation facilities.

摘要

花青素是重要的水溶性色素，广泛存在于植物中，决定植物器官的颜色，具有重要的健康和经济价值。花青素生物合成途径已十分成熟，并且已在多种物种中鉴定出控制该途径的一些关键调节因子。近年来，microRNA、转录因子和外部因素（包括光、温度和激素）已成为包括花青素代谢在内的多种次生代谢反应的中心调节因子，既是植物自我调节因子，也是刺激植物发育的环境信号。 。许多发现已经开始提出基因/信号基因模块来揭示果实成熟过程中花青素生物合成所涉及的信号通路以及特定基因之间的联系。本文综述了双子叶植物花青素生物合成和积累的内外部因素及相关网络机制。miRNA通过与其靶基因结合形成调控模块，对不同物种花青素的生物合成产生不同的影响。该综述还重点关注以下结论：光信号（光质量、光周期和光强度）通过与其相应的光感受器（UVR8、CRY 和 PHY）结合并影响花青素中央调节因子的结合和稳定，进一步调节花青素的积累。光路，例如 miRNA通过与其靶基因结合形成调控模块，对不同物种花青素的生物合成产生不同的影响。该综述还重点关注以下结论：光信号（光质量、光周期和光强度）通过与其相应的光感受器（UVR8、CRY 和 PHY）结合并影响花青素中央调节因子的结合和稳定，进一步调节花青素的积累。光路，例如 miRNA通过与其靶基因结合形成调控模块，对不同物种花青素的生物合成产生不同的影响。该综述还重点关注以下结论：光信号（光质量、光周期和光强度）通过与其相应的光感受器（UVR8、CRY 和 PHY）结合并影响花青素中央调节因子的结合和稳定，进一步调节花青素的积累。光路，例如COP1和转录因子HY5。本文旨在为今后花青素的有效途径调控研究提供参考，并为新品种的选育和栽培设施的完善做出贡献。