The primary goal of the presented research was to investigate how processing post-event information affects memory of details in an event viewed on video. We used two forms of post-event information: classic misinformation (changing or implanting new information into memory) and a new form that involves a correct explicit or implicit negation of the existence of an object in the video. We followed the three-step procedure used in studies on the misinformation effect, with a final memory test that was either immediate or delayed by a week and consisted in indicating which objects appeared in the video. We replicated the misinformation effect. More importantly, in the delayed test condition, both explicitly and implicitly negated objects were falsely recalled more often than unmentioned objects. These results indicate that it is possible to induce negation-related false memories; they also show that memory is impaired by negated post-event information or misleading post-event information.

本研究的主要目标是调查处理事件后信息如何影响对视频中观看的事件细节的记忆。我们使用了两种形式的事件后信息：经典的错误信息（改变或将新信息植入记忆）和涉及对视频中对象的存在进行正确的显式或隐式否定的新形式。我们遵循错误信息效应研究中使用的三步程序，进行最终的记忆测试，该测试要么立即进行，要么延迟一周，其中包括指示视频中出现了哪些对象。我们复制了错误信息效应。更重要的是，在延迟测试条件下，显式和隐式否定的对象比未提及的对象更容易被错误回忆。这些结果表明，有可能诱发与否定相关的错误记忆；他们还表明，否定的事后信息或误导性的事后信息会损害记忆。