Phenolic compounds, naturally present in plants, are particularly relevant as nutraceutics for their antioxidant activities. Here, choline chloride-based natural deep eutectic solvents (NaDESs) were used for efficient extraction of total phenolic compounds (TPC) from leaves, pods and roots of Rhamnus alaternus plant. In each extract, the polyphenols content and their antioxidant activities were evaluated. More, their antibacterial activity was carried out against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The investigated extracts presented antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. The leaves, pods and roots extracts obtained using the choline chloride-glycerol (ChCl-Gly) mixture exhibited a high value of TPC comprised within 437.7 and 317.0 mg GAE/100 g d.w. and showed the best antioxidant properties with ABTS radical scavenging capacity (IC₅₀: from 44.55 to 53.56 µg/mL), DPPH assay (IC₅₀: from 26.36 to 118.23 µg/mL), reducing activity (EC₅₀: from 77.53 to 85.05 µg/mL) and iron chelation activity (EC₅₀: from 91.73 to 108.7 µg/mL). In contrast, choline chloride-urea (ChCl-Ur) extracts showed a low antioxidant capacity. Lastly, the best bioactive extracts were characterized using HPLC-MS/MS to determine their bioactive compounds. The present study suggests that the DES-based method developed was selective, efficient and sustainable for extraction of polyphenols.

天然存在于植物中的酚类化合物因其抗氧化活性而特别适合作为营养保健品。在此，使用基于氯化胆碱的天然低共熔溶剂 (NaDES) 从鼠李叶、豆荚和根中有效提取总酚化合物 (TPC)植物。对每种提取物中的多酚含量及其抗氧化活性进行了评估。此外，它们对革兰氏阳性菌和革兰氏阴性菌均具有抗菌活性。所研究的提取物具有抗氧化和抗菌活性。使用氯化胆碱-甘油 (ChCl-Gly) 混合物获得的叶、豆荚和根提取物表现出较高的 TPC 值，包括 437.7 和 317.0 mg GAE/100 g dw，并显示出最佳的抗氧化性能和 ABTS 自由基清除能力 (IC ₅₀：从 44.55 至 53.56 µg/mL)、DPPH 测定（IC ₅₀：从 26.36 至 118.23 µg/mL）、还原活性（EC ₅₀：从 77.53 至 85.05 µg/mL）和铁螯合活性（EC _50）：从 91.73 至 108.7 µg/mL）。相比之下，氯化胆碱-尿素 (ChCl-Ur) 提取物的抗氧化能力较低。最后，使用 HPLC-MS/MS 对最佳生物活性提取物进行表征，以确定其生物活性化合物。本研究表明，所开发的基于 DES 的方法对于多酚的提取具有选择性、高效且可持续的作用。