ABSTRACT

What does Islamic theology have to say about the philosophy of science? The writings of post-classical Muslim thinkers offer a wealth of understudied material relevant to conceptualizing the ontological status, scope, and character of scientific inquiry and theorization. The Islamic tradition developed nuanced metaphysical and epistemological insights on unobservables, universals, and causality. Muslim astronomers developed sophisticated responses to perceived deficiencies in the Aristotelian-Ptolemaic model. In the contemporary debate between scientific realism and anti-realism, structural realism is a much-discussed middle ground which suggests a return to many of these insights. This challenges popular discourse on the relation between religion and science.

摘要

伊斯兰神学对科学哲学有何看法？后古典穆斯林思想家的著作提供了大量与概念化科学探究和理论化的本体论地位、范围和特征相关的待研究材料。伊斯兰传统对不可观察的事物、普遍性和因果关系发展了细致入微的形而上学和认识论见解。穆斯林天文学家对亚里士多德-托勒密模型中发现的缺陷提出了复杂的反应。在当代科学实在论和反实在论之间的争论中，结构实在论是一个被广泛讨论的中间立场，它表明对许多这些见解的回归。这挑战了关于宗教与科学之间关系的流行话语。