The study develops a new optimisation model to design a bimodal transit system from a microeconomic view to maximise the profit of a transit agency considering heterogeneous demand elasticity and different fare structures. Bimodal transit network parameters are optimized to better serve passenger demand. An elastic demand function is devised to include various time components and incorporate flat, distance-based, and hybrid fares. A nested iterative procedure is developed to find a near-optimal solution. Numerical experiments reveal the following interesting findings. First, the increase in elasticity parameters has a knock-on effect on the financial performance, consequently leading to a net profit reduction. Second, a distance-based fare scheme brings in the least actual demand but makes the most profit, compared with the flat and hybrid fare schemes. Third, passengers prefer using a rail-bus system to a BRT-bus system, especially at a higher demand level.

该研究开发了一种新的优化模型，从微观经济角度设计双模式交通系统，考虑到异构需求弹性和不同的票价结构，最大化交通机构的利润。优化双模式交通网络参数，更好地满足乘客需求。弹性需求函数被设计为包括各种时间成分，并包含统一票价、基于距离的票价和混合票价。开发了一个嵌套迭代过程来寻找接近最优的解决方案。数值实验揭示了以下有趣的发现。首先，弹性参数的增加会对财务绩效产生连锁反应，从而导致净利润减少。其次，基于距离的票价方案带来的实际需求最少，但利润最多，与统一票价和混合票价计划相比。第三，与 BRT 巴士系统相比，乘客更喜欢使用轨道巴士系统，尤其是在需求水平较高的情况下。