Understanding the mechanisms behind resilience has become more relevant in the last decades, due to the increasing and intensifying disturbances from natural and anthropogenic sources that threaten biodiversity. Evidence from terrestrial populations suggests that resilience increases with genetic diversity. Few studies, however, have evaluated the relationship between genetics and resilience in benthic marine populations. For this review, we gathered studies where genetic diversity was the predictor variable, and resilience was the response variable. Twenty-five publications between 2001 and 2018 were included. Thirteen benthic marine species were identified, mainly sea-grass species, among which Zostera marina was the most frequently studied. The relationship between genetic diversity and resilience was variable-dependent. Considering all the analyses (N = 150) in the studies reviewed, 44% reported positive relationships between genetic diversity and resilience capacity. Negative relationships were found in 6%, and no relationship was found in 50%. Positive relationships indicated that genetic diversity increased resistance and recovery capacity after different types of disturbances. Dominance and complementarity were suggested as the underlying mechanism explaining these findings in the few studies that conducted this type of evaluation. The results of this review suggest that the relationship between genetic diversity and resilience is mainly positive. However, this relationship relies on how genetic diversity and resiliency were measured, as well as on the biological characteristics of the species under study. This reinforces the importance of acknowledging and maintaining genetic diversity for the conservation of benthic populations in marine ecosystems.

中文翻译：

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底栖海洋种群的遗传多样性和复原力

在过去的几十年里，由于威胁生物多样性的自然和人为来源的干扰不断增加和加剧，了解复原力背后的机制变得更加重要。来自陆地种群的证据表明，恢复力随着遗传多样性的增加而增强。然而，很少有研究评估底栖海洋种群的遗传和恢复力之间的关系。在本次综述中，我们收集了以遗传多样性为预测变量、复原力为响应变量的研究。2001 年至 2018 年期间有 25 篇出版物被纳入。已鉴定出 13 种底栖海洋物种，主要是海草物种，其中大叶藻 (Zostera marina) 是研究最频繁的。遗传多样性和恢复力之间的关系是变量依赖性的。考虑到所审查研究中的所有分析 (N = 150)，44% 的研究报告称遗传多样性和恢复能力之间存在正相关关系。6% 的人发现了负面关系，50% 的人没有发现任何关系。正相关表明遗传多样性增加了不同类型干扰后的抵抗力和恢复能力。在进行此类评估的少数研究中，显性和互补性被认为是解释这些发现的根本机制。本综述的结果表明，遗传多样性与恢复力之间主要呈正相关。然而，这种关系取决于如何测量遗传多样性和弹性，以及所研究物种的生物学特征。