The current scenario of human urine being directly discharged into the environment without recycling, despite being an economical source of fertilizer. Train coaches are the major source of large-scale urine waste generation. Adopting a circular economy creates significant synergies toward usages of water generated after nutrient recovery from urine. Some advanced decentralized treatment systems, such as electrochemical, bioelectrical, or reverse osmosis, would be useful to treat and recover nutrients from urine waste/wastewater. The laborious and costly affair of removing nutrients like N, P, and K from human urine needed a sustainable solution. These recovered nutrients can be reused as fertilizers in irrigation and, indirectly, in large-scale biodiesel production by being used in microalgae cultivation. However, the potential of reusing human urine waste is yet to be explored commercially. Additionally, artificial intelligence may be explored with sustainable approaches for urine separation and recycling soon.

尽管人类尿液是一种经济的肥料来源，但目前的情况是直接排放到环境中而不进行回收。火车车厢是大规模尿液废物产生的主要来源。采用循环经济可以对从尿液中回收营养物后产生的水的使用产生显着的协同效应。一些先进的分散处理系统，例如电化学、生物电或反渗透，可用于处理和回收尿液废物/废水中的营养物质。从人类尿液中去除氮、磷和钾等营养物质是一项费力且昂贵的工作，需要一个可持续的解决方案。这些回收的养分可以在灌溉中重新用作肥料，并通过微藻培养间接用于大规模生物柴油生产。然而，人类尿液废物再利用的潜力尚未得到商业探索。此外，人工智能可能很快就会被探索用于尿液分离和回收的可持续方法。