Chronic constipation is one of the most common digestive diseases encountered in clinical practice. Constipation manifests as a variety of symptoms, such as infrequent bowel movements, hard stools, feeling of incomplete evacuation, straining at defecation, a sense of anorectal blockage during defecation, and use of digital maneuvers to assist defecation. During the diagnosis of chronic constipation, the Bristol Stool Form Scale, colonoscopy, and a digital rectal examination are useful for objective symptom evaluation and differential diagnosis of secondary constipation. Physiological tests for functional constipation have complementary roles and are recommended for patients who have failed to respond to treatment with available laxatives and those who are strongly suspected of having a defecatory disorder. As new evidence on the diagnosis and management of functional constipation emerged, the need to revise the previous guideline was suggested. Therefore, these evidence-based guidelines have proposed recommendations developed using a systematic review and meta-analysis of the treatment options available for functional constipation. The benefits and cautions of new pharmacological agents (such as lubiprostone and linaclotide) and conventional laxatives have been described through a meta-analysis. The guidelines consist of 34 recommendations, including 3 concerning the definition and epidemiology of functional constipation, 9 regarding diagnoses, and 22 regarding managements. Clinicians (including primary physicians, general health professionals, medical students, residents, and other healthcare professionals) and patients can refer to these guidelines to make informed decisions regarding the management of functional constipation.

中文翻译：

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2022 年功能性便秘临床实践指南首尔共识。

慢性便秘是临床上最常见的消化系统疾病之一。便秘表现为多种症状，如排便次数少、大便坚硬、排便不畅、排便费力、排便时有肛门直肠堵塞感、用指法辅助排便等。在慢性便秘的诊断过程中，布里斯托大便量表、结肠镜检查和直肠指检有助于客观评估继发性便秘的症状和鉴别诊断。功能性便秘的生理测试具有补充作用，建议对现有泻药治疗无效的患者和强烈怀疑患有排便障碍的患者进行。随着功能性便秘诊断和治疗的新证据出现，有人建议需要修订之前的指南。因此，这些基于证据的指南提出了通过对功能性便秘可用治疗方案进行系统评价和荟萃分析而制定的建议。荟萃分析描述了新型药物（如鲁比前列酮和利那洛肽）和传统泻药的益处和注意事项。该指南由 34 条建议组成，其中 3 条关于功能性便秘的定义和流行病学，9 条关于诊断，22 条关于治疗。临床医生（包括初级医生、普通健康专业人员、医学生、住院医师和其他医疗保健专业人员）和患者可以参考这些指南，就功能性便秘的管理做出明智的决定。