The Tour de France (TdF) is one of the biggest and most recognized annual sporting events in the world. Cities and regions participate actively by hosting a stage start and/or finish, but it is unclear if there are place-based benefits from such local engagements. We estimate the direct and spatially indirect immediate regional benefits of hosting a TdF stage using monthly tourism data for French départements during 2011–2020. Our static and dynamic panel regressions indicate that hosting a TdF stage leads to significant increases in tourist arrivals and nights spent vis-à-vis similar départements not hosting a stage at the same time. Results are found to be robust when we run placebo tests, matching-based estimation to deal with regional heterogeneity and associated treatment endogeneity as well as spatially augmented estimations to account for interregional spillovers to départements not directly hosting a stage start/finish, for example, to those located along the route of a TdF stage. We use the obtained treatment estimates to discuss the regional economic impact of the TdF and their ramifications for tourism-based regional development and event management.

中文翻译：

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旅行万岁！？评估举办环法自行车赛的地方效益

环法自行车赛 (TdF) 是世界上规模最大、最受认可的年度体育赛事之一。城市和地区通过举办赛段开始和/或结束活动积极参与，但尚不清楚此类当地参与是否能带来基于地点的好处。我们利用 2011-2020 年法国各省的月度旅游数据估算了举办 TdF 舞台所带来的直接和空间间接直接区域效益。我们的静态和动态面板回归表明，与未同时举办舞台的类似部门相比，举办 TdF 舞台会导致游客人数和过夜数显着增加。当我们运行安慰剂测试、基于匹配的估计来处理区域异质性和相关的治疗内生性以及空间增强估计来解释区域间溢出到不直接主办阶段开始/结束的部门时，发现结果是稳健的，例如，位于 TdF 阶段路线沿线的那些。我们使用获得的处理估计来讨论 TdF 的区域经济影响及其对基于旅游业的区域发展和活动管理的影响。