Three different types of carbon materials [carbon nanotubes (CNTs), carbon black (CB), and carbon fibers (CFs)] were incorporated into polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) as single fillers or hybrid fillers (CNT/CB and CNT/CF) via solution blending. The physical properties of the hybrid filler systems such as the electrical, thermal, morphological, and rheological properties were compared to those of the single filler systems. Images of the PVDF composites containing hybrid fillers obtained by a field-emission scanning electron microscope showed that CB appeared to be embedded between highly entangled nanotubes, promoting their debundling in the PVDF matrix. The hybrid filler systems of CB and CF with 0.5 wt% nanotubes were electrically conductive from the corresponding content of 1 wt%, showing maximum values from 5 wt% CB and 10 wt% CF. In the hybrid filler systems, the extent of the increase in crystallization temperature (Tc) in the presence of CB or CF was more prominent at a lower CNT content of 0.5 wt%. In the hybrid systems of CB with 0.5 wt% nanotubes, the melting peak for the β phase was generated from 1 wt% CB and its intensity increased with CB content. On the contrary, the hybrid filler systems of CF with nanotubes did not provide a new peak. Regarding the rheological properties, the complex viscosity (η*) of PVDF/CNT0.5/CB increased with CB content, a pattern similar to that of the single filler system of CB. On the contrary, the presence of CF with 0.5 wt% nanotubes slightly increased η* with CF content, while that with 1 wt% nanotubes notably increased η*, exhibiting a sharp increase at 10 wt%.

将三种不同类型的碳材料[碳纳米管（CNT）、炭黑（CB）和碳纤维（CF）]作为单一填料或混合填料（CNT/CB和CNT/CF）掺入聚偏二氟乙烯（PVDF）中溶液混合。将混合填料系统的物理性能（例如电性能、热性能、形态性能和流变性能）与单一填料系统的物理性能进行了比较。通过场发射扫描电子显微镜获得的含有混合填料的 PVDF 复合材料的图像显示，CB 似乎嵌入在高度缠结的纳米管之间，促进了它们在 PVDF 基体中的解束。含有 0.5 wt% 纳米管的 CB 和 CF 混合填料体系从相应含量 1 wt% 起就具有导电性，在 5 wt% CB 和 10 wt% CF 时显示出最大值。在杂化填料体系中，在 CB 或 CF 存在下，结晶温度 (Tc) 的升高程度在 CNT 含量较低（0.5 wt%）时更为显着。在 CB 与 0.5 wt% 纳米管的混合体系中，β 相的熔化峰是由 1 wt% CB 产生的，并且其强度随着 CB 含量的增加而增加。相反，CF与纳米管的混合填料体系没有提供新的峰。关于流变特性，复数粘度（CF与纳米管的混合填料系统没有提供新的峰。关于流变特性，复数粘度（CF与纳米管的混合填料系统没有提供新的峰值。关于流变特性，复数粘度（PVDF/CNT0.5/CB 的η *) 随着 CB 含量的增加而增加，其模式与 CB 单一填料体系类似。相反，当CF含量为0.5 wt%时，纳米管的η * 随CF含量的增加而略有增加，而当CF含量为1 wt%时，η * 显着增加，在10 wt%时表现出急剧增加。