Spatiotemporal distribution of stink bugs (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) and their natural enemies across farmscapes has been studied in more detail recently. However, the impact of plant height on vertical stratification of stink bugs and their natural enemies is rarely addressed across these diverse habitats. In this study, we examined capture of native stink bugs, the invasive brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys (Stål)(Hemiptera:Pentatomidae), and a predaceous wasp, Astata occidentalis Cresson (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae) in pheromone-baited traps, in 2 habitats, woodlands of mostly deciduous trees mixed with some conifers and pecan orchards, in addition to their vertical stratification (0–13.7 m) at increasing heights. Furthermore, the effects of canopy height and habitat on H. halys egg mass predation and parasitism were evaluated. Adult H. halys were abundant in both habitats, but more nymphs were captured in pecan orchards. The same pattern was found for adult Euschistus servus (Say) (Hemiptera:Pentatomidae), Thyanta custator McAtee (Hemiptera:Pentatomidae), and A. occidentalis. In contrast, adult E. tristigmus (Say) (Hemiptera:Pentatomidae) and Chinavia hilaris (Say) (Hemiptera:Pentatomidae) were more abundant in woodlands. More nymphal H. halys and adults of E. servus, T. custator, and A. occidentalis were captured in ground traps than canopy traps in pecan. More adult and nymphal H. halys were captured at varying heights in the woodland canopy compared to near the ground as were adult E. tristigmus and C. hilaris. Both parasitism and predation occurred in woodland and pecan canopies. However, in one test we found that parasitism of H. halys egg masses occurred more often in the upper tree canopy, and more parasitism was detected in woodland than orchard habitat. In 2 tests, predation was higher in woodlands than pecan orchards. These results will aid in optimizing conservation biological control tactics in these habitats.

中文翻译：

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栖息地和垂直分层影响椿象（半翅目：蝽科）的捕获和入侵性褐纹椿象的生物防治

最近对臭虫（半翅目：蝽科）及其天敌在农场景观中的时空分布进行了更详细的研究。然而，在这些不同的栖息地中，植物高度对臭虫及其天敌垂直分层的影响很少得到解决。在这项研究中，我们检查了在信息素诱饵陷阱中捕获本地椿象、入侵性褐纹椿象、Halyomorpha halys (Stål)（半翅目：蝽科）和掠食性黄蜂，Astata occidentalis Cresson（膜翅目：Sphecidae）。 2 栖息地，主要是落叶乔木的林地，混有一些针叶树和山核桃果园，此外，它们的垂直分层（0-13.7 m）随着高度的增加而增加。此外，还评估了树冠高度和栖息地对 H. halys 卵团捕食和寄生的影响。两个栖息地的成年 H. halys 都很丰富，但在山核桃园捕获的若虫更多。成年 Euschistus servus (Say)（半翅目：蝽科）、Thyanta custator McAtee（半翅目：蝽科）和 A. occidentalis 也发现了相同的模式。相比之下，成虫 E. tristigmus (Say)（半翅目：蝽科）和 Chinavia hilaris (Say)（半翅目：蝽科）在林地中更为丰富。在山核桃中，地面诱捕器捕获的 H. halys 的若虫和 E. servus、T. custator 和 A. occidentalis 的成虫比树冠诱捕器更多。与在地面附近相比，在林地冠层的不同高度捕获到更多的成虫和若虫 H. halys，成虫 E. tristigmus 和 C. hilaris 也是如此。寄生和捕食都发生在林地和山核桃树冠中。然而，在一项测试中，我们发现H. halys卵团的寄生更频繁地发生在树冠上部，并且在林地中检测到的寄生情况比果园栖息地更多。在两项测试中，林地的捕食率高于山核桃园。这些结果将有助于优化这些栖息地的保护生物控制策略。