Human civilization relies on estuaries, and many estuarine ecosystem services are provided by microbial communities. These services include high rates of primary production that nourish harvests of commercially valuable species through fisheries and aquaculture, the transformation of terrestrial and anthropogenic materials to help ensure the water quality necessary to support recreation and tourism, and mutualisms that maintain blue carbon accumulation and storage. Research on the ecology that underlies microbial ecosystem services in estuaries has expanded greatly across a range of estuarine environments, including water, sediment, biofilms, biological reefs, and stands of seagrasses, marshes, and mangroves. Moreover, the application of new molecular tools has improved our understanding of the diversity and genomic functions of estuarine microbes. This review synthesizes recent research on microbial habitats in estuaries and the contributions of microbes to estuarine food webs, elemental cycling, and interactions with plants and animals, and highlights novel insights provided by recent advances in genomics.

中文翻译：

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河口生态系统的微生物生态学

人类文明依赖河口，河口生态系统的许多服务都是由微生物群落提供的。这些服务包括高初级生产力，通过渔业和水产养殖滋养具有商业价值的物种的收获，陆地和人类物质的转化，以帮助确保支持娱乐和旅游业所需的水质，以及维持蓝碳积累和储存的互利共生。对河口微生物生态系统服务的生态学研究已广泛扩展到一系列河口环境，包括水、沉积物、生物膜、生物礁以及海草、沼泽和红树林。此外，新分子工具的应用提高了我们对河口微生物多样性和基因组功能的理解。这篇综述综合了关于河口微生物栖息地的最新研究，以及微生物对河口食物网、元素循环以及与动植物相互作用的贡献，并强调了基因组学最新进展所提供的新见解。